EHR-RAGp: Retrieval-Augmented Prototype-Guided Foundation Model for Electronic Health Records

Electronic Health Records (EHR) contain rich longitudinal patient information and are widely used in predictive modeling applications. However, effectively leveraging historical data remains challenging due to long trajectories, heterogeneous events, temporal irregularity, and the varying relevance of past clinical context. Existing approaches often rely on fixed windows or uniform aggregation, which can obscure clinically important signals. In this work, we introduce EHR-RAGp, a retrieval-augmented foundation model that dynamically integrates the most relevant patient history across diverse clinical event types. We propose a prototype-guided retrieval module that acts as an alignment mechanism and estimates the relevance of retrieved historical chunks with respect to a given prediction task, guiding the model towards the most informative context. Across multiple clinical prediction tasks, EHR-RAGp consistently outperforms state-of-the-art EHR foundation models and transformer-based baselines. Furthermore, integrating EHR-RAGp with existing clinical foundation models yields substantial performance gains. Overall, EHR-RAGp provides a scalable and efficient framework for leveraging long-range clinical context to improve downstream performance.

MedAraBench: Large-Scale Arabic Medical Question Answering Dataset and Benchmark

Arabic remains one of the most underrepresented languages in natural language processing research, particularly in medical applications, due to the limited availability of open-source data and benchmarks. The lack of resources hinders efforts to evaluate and advance the multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we introduce MedAraBench, a large-scale dataset consisting of Arabic multiple-choice question-answer pairs across various medical specialties. We constructed the dataset by manually digitizing a large repository of academic materials created by medical professionals in the Arabic-speaking region. We then conducted extensive preprocessing and split the dataset into training and test sets to support future research efforts in the area. To assess the quality of the data, we adopted two frameworks, namely expert human evaluation and LLM-as-a-judge. Our dataset is diverse and of high quality, spanning 19 specialties and five difficulty levels. For benchmarking purposes, we assessed the performance of eight state-of-the-art open-source and proprietary models, such as GPT-5, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Claude 4-Sonnet. Our findings highlight the need for further domain-specific enhancements. We release the dataset and evaluation scripts to broaden the diversity of medical data benchmarks, expand the scope of evaluation suites for LLMs, and enhance the multilingual capabilities of models for deployment in clinical settings.