HUR-MACL: High-Uncertainty Region-Guided Multi-Architecture Collaborative Learning for Head and Neck Multi-Organ Segmentation

Accurate segmentation of organs at risk in the head and neck is essential for radiation therapy, yet deep learning models often fail on small, complexly shaped organs. While hybrid architectures that combine different models show promise, they typically just concatenate features without exploiting the unique strengths of each component. This results in functional overlap and limited segmentation accuracy. To address these issues, we propose a high uncertainty region-guided multi-architecture collaborative learning (HUR-MACL) model for multi-organ segmentation in the head and neck. This model adaptively identifies high uncertainty regions using a convolutional neural network, and for these regions, Vision Mamba as well as Deformable CNN are utilized to jointly improve their segmentation accuracy. Additionally, a heterogeneous feature distillation loss was proposed to promote collaborative learning between the two architectures in high uncertainty regions to further enhance performance. Our method achieves SOTA results on two public datasets and one private dataset.

Advancing H&E-to-IHC Stain Translation in Breast Cancer: A Multi-Magnification and Attention-Based Approach

Breast cancer presents a significant healthcare challenge globally, demanding precise diagnostics and effective treatment strategies, where histopathological examination of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections plays a central role. Despite its importance, evaluating specific biomarkers like Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) for personalized treatment remains constrained by the resource-intensive nature of Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Recent strides in deep learning, particularly in image-to-image translation, offer promise in synthesizing IHC-HER2 slides from H\&E stained slides. However, existing methodologies encounter challenges, including managing multiple magnifications in pathology images and insufficient focus on crucial information during translation. To address these issues, we propose a novel model integrating attention mechanisms and multi-magnification information processing. Our model employs a multi-magnification processing strategy to extract and utilize information from various magnifications within pathology images, facilitating robust image translation. Additionally, an attention module within the generative network prioritizes critical information for image distribution translation while minimizing less pertinent details. Rigorous testing on a publicly available breast cancer dataset demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods, establishing our model as a state-of-the-art solution in advancing pathology image translation from H&E to IHC staining.