Unified Analytical Model for Atomic Receivers Under Typical Quantum Interference Paths

Atomic receivers, which leverage the quantum interference termed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for radio-frequency (RF) to optical signal transduction, offer a revolutionary paradigm for next-generation wireless communications. However, current information-theoretic characterizations are predominantly restricted to the Ξ-type of EIT path and rely heavily on the weak-probe approximation, which fails to predict the behavior of the atomic receivers under high signal-to-noise ratio regimes. In this paper, we establish a unified analytical model for atomic receivers, and apply this model to three typical quantum interference paths, i.e., V -type, Λ-type, and Ξ-type configurations. To provide a universal characterization, we propose the quantum coherence transfer coefficient (QCTC) to model the equivalent channel response induced by atomic receivers, using a steady-state perturbation framework built on the three-level EIT solution. The closed-form expressions of equivalent channel gains are then derived for three paths. Our results provide an analytical foundation for future capacity analysis and waveform optimization in atomic radio communication.