Joint Clustering and Prediction of the Quality of Service in Vehicular Cellular Networks

Machine learning models are increasingly deployed in wireless networks with stringent performance requirements. However, dynamic propagation environments and fluctuating traffic densities introduce concept drift, which complicates the ability to maintain accurate predictive machine learning models. We propose a distributed optimization framework that jointly clusters cells and trains cluster-level predictive models, enabling nodes to cooperatively predict quality of service (QoS) distributions under communication constraints. The proposed method models QoS as a multivariate Gaussian/lognormal distribution and uses a novel clustering mechanism that groups cells with similar network conditions, allowing each cell to select the most appropriate predictor without retraining new models for each cell. By leveraging block coordinate descent, our solution efficiently clusters the cells and updates the predictive models to mitigate concept drift, while maintaining a compact model set to minimize computation overhead. Evaluation using data from realistic simulations with the Sionna ray-tracer and the ns-3 simulator shows that the method converges and yields cluster constellations that adapt to changes in the network that cause concept drift. The experimental evaluation focuses on providing a prediction of the distribution latency, jitter, and RSRP over a one-hour prediction horizon. The proposed method significantly outperforms the traditional single global predictive model approach and reduces the mean absolute error by 9-27% compared to local cell-level predictors. This demonstrates that the proposed method effectively captures local variability using far fewer models through scalable distributed clustering.