Comparison of Segmentation Methods in Remote Sensing for Land Use Land Cover

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) mapping is essential for urban and resource planning, and is one of the key elements in developing smart and sustainable cities.This study evaluates advanced LULC mapping techniques, focusing on Look-Up Table (LUT)-based Atmospheric Correction applied to Cartosat Multispectral (MX) sensor images, followed by supervised and semi-supervised learning models for LULC prediction. We explore DeeplabV3+ and Cross-Pseudo Supervision (CPS). The CPS model is further refined with dynamic weighting, enhancing pseudo-label reliability during training. This comprehensive approach analyses the accuracy and utility of LULC mapping techniques for various urban planning applications. A case study of Hyderabad, India, illustrates significant land use changes due to rapid urbanization. By analyzing Cartosat MX images over time, we highlight shifts such as urban sprawl, shrinking green spaces, and expanding industrial areas. This demonstrates the practical utility of these techniques for urban planners and policymakers.

An Atmospheric Correction Integrated LULC Segmentation Model for High-Resolution Satellite Imagery

The integration of fine-scale multispectral imagery with deep learning models has revolutionized land use and land cover (LULC) classification. However, the atmospheric effects present in Top-of-Atmosphere sensor measured Digital Number values must be corrected to retrieve accurate Bottom-of-Atmosphere surface reflectance for reliable analysis. This study employs look-up-table-based radiative transfer simulations to estimate the atmospheric path reflectance and transmittance for atmospherically correcting high-resolution CARTOSAT-3 Multispectral (MX) imagery for several Indian cities. The corrected surface reflectance data were subsequently used in supervised and semi-supervised segmentation models, demonstrating stability in multi-class (buildings, roads, trees and water bodies) LULC segmentation accuracy, particularly in scenarios with sparsely labelled data.

Cross Pseudo Supervision Framework for Sparsely Labelled Geospatial Images

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) mapping is a vital tool for urban and resource planning, playing a key role in the development of innovative and sustainable cities. This study introduces a semi-supervised segmentation model for LULC prediction using high-resolution satellite images with a vast diversity of data distributions in different areas of India. Our approach ensures a robust generalization across different types of buildings, roads, trees, and water bodies within these distinct areas. We propose a modified Cross Pseudo Supervision framework to train image segmentation models on sparsely labelled data. The proposed framework addresses the limitations of the famous 'Cross Pseudo Supervision' technique for semi-supervised learning, specifically tackling the challenges of training segmentation models on noisy satellite image data with sparse and inaccurate labels. This comprehensive approach significantly enhances the accuracy and utility of LULC mapping, providing valuable insights for urban and resource planning applications.

Cross Psuedo Supervision Framework for Sparsely Labelled Geo-spatial Images

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) mapping is essential for urban and resource planning and is one of the key elements in developing smart and sustainable cities. This study introduces a semi-supervised segmentation model for LULC prediction using high-resolution satellite images with a huge diversity in data distributions in different areas from the country of India. Our approach ensures a robust generalization across different types of buildings, roads, trees, and water bodies within these distinct areas. We propose a modified Cross Pseudo Supervision framework to train image segmentation models on sparsely labelled data. The proposed framework addresses the limitations of the popular "Cross Pseudo Supervision" technique for semi-supervised learning. Specifically, it tackles the challenges of training segmentation models on noisy satellite image data with sparse and inaccurate labels. This comprehensive approach enhances the accuracy and utility of LULC mapping for various urban planning applications.