Low-Complex Channel Estimation in Extra-Large Scale MIMO with the Spherical Wave Properties

This paper investigates the low-complex linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) channel estimation in an extra-large scale MIMO system with the spherical wave model (SWM). We model the extra-large scale MIMO channels using the SWM in the terahertz (THz) line-of-sight propagation, in which the transceiver is a uniform circular antenna array. On this basis, for the known channel covariance matrix (CCM), a low-complex LMMSE channel estimation algorithm is proposed by exploiting the spherical wave properties (SWP). Meanwhile, for the unknown CCM, a similar low-complex LMMSE channel estimation algorithm is also proposed. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower complexity without reducing the accuracy of channel estimation.