Exploiting Constructive Interference for Backscatter Communication Systems

Backscatter communication (BackCom), one of the core technologies to realize zero-power communication, is expected to be a pivotal paradigm for the next generation of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the "strong" direct link (DL) interference (DLI) is traditionally assumed to be harmful, and generally drowns out the "weak" backscattered signals accordingly, thus deteriorating the performance of BackCom. In contrast to the previous efforts to eliminate the DLI, in this paper, we exploit the constructive interference (CI), in which the DLI contributes to the backscattered signal. To be specific, our objective is to maximize the received signal power by jointly optimizing the receive beamforming vectors and tag selection factors, which is, however, non-convex and difficult to solve due to constraints on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. In order to solve this problem, we first decompose the original problem, and then propose two algorithms to solve the sub-problem with beamforming design via a change of variables and semi-definite programming (SDP) and a greedy algorithm to solve the sub-problem with tag selection. In order to gain insight into the CI, we consider a special case with the single-antenna reader to reveal the channel angle between the backscattering link (BL) and the DL, in which the DLI will become constructive. Simulation results show that significant performance gain can always be achieved in the proposed algorithms compared with the traditional algorithms without the DL in terms of the strength of the received signal. The derived constructive channel angle for the BackCom system with the single-antenna reader is also confirmed by simulation results.

Many a little Makes a Mickle: Probing Backscattering Energy Recycling for Backscatter Communications

In this paper, we investigate and analyze full-duplex-based backscatter communications with multiple backscatter devices (BDs). Different from previous works where only the energy from the energy source is harvested, BDs are also allowed to harvest energy from previous BDs by recycling the backscattering energy. Our objective is to maximize the total energy efficiency (EE) of the system via joint time scheduling, beamforming design, and reflection coefficient (RC) adjustment while satisfying the constraints on the total time, the transmit energy consumption, the circuit energy consumption and the achievable throughput for each BD by taking the causality and the non-linearity of energy harvesting into account. To deal with this intractable non-convex problem, we reformulate the problem by utilizing the Dinkelbach's method. Subsequently, an alternative iterative algorithm is designed to solve it. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a much better EE than the benchmark algorithms.