Personalized electric vehicle energy consumption estimation framework that integrates driver behavior with map data

This paper presents a personalized Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) energy consumption estimation framework that integrates map-based contextual features with driver-specific velocity prediction and physics-based energy consumption modeling. The system combines route selection, detailed road feature processing, a rule-based reference velocity generator, a PID controller-based vehicle dynamics simulator, and a Bidirectional LSTM model trained to reproduce individual driving behavior. The predicted individual-specific velocity profiles are coupled with a quasi-steady backward energy consumption model to compute tractive power, regenerative braking, and State-of-Charge (SOC) evolution. Evaluation across urban, freeway, and hilly routes demonstrates that the proposed approach captures key driver behavioral patterns such as deceleration at intersections, speed-limit tracking, and road grade-dependent responses, while producing accurate power and SOC trajectories. The results highlight the effectiveness of combining learned driver behavior with map-based context and physics-based energy consumption modeling to produce accurate, personalized BEV SOC depletion profiles.