Tracking the Evolution of Words with Time-reflective Text Representations

More than 80% of today's data is unstructured in nature, and these unstructured datasets evolving over time. A large part of the evolving unstructured data are text documents generated by media outlets, scholarly articles in digital libraries, and social media. Vector space models have been developed to analyze text documents using data mining and machine learning algorithms. While ample vector space models exist for text data, the evolution aspect of evolving text corpora is still missing in vector-based representations. The advent of word embeddings has given a way to create a contextual vector space, but the embeddings do not consider the temporal aspects of the feature space successfully yet. The inclusion of the time aspect in the feature space will provide vectors for every natural language element, such as words or entities, at every timestamp. Such temporal word vectors will provide the ability to track how the meaning of a word changes over time, in terms of the changes in its neighborhood. Moreover, a time-reflective text representation will pave the way to a new set of text analytic abilities involving time series for text collections. In this paper, we present the potential benefits of a time-reflective vector space model for temporal text data that is able to capture short and long-term changes in the meaning of words. We compare our approach with the limited literature on dynamic embeddings. We present qualitative and quantitative evaluations using semantic evolution tracking as the target application.

Is a Picture Worth Ten Thousand Words in a Review Dataset?

While textual reviews have become prominent in many recommendation-based systems, automated frameworks to provide relevant visual cues against text reviews where pictures are not available is a new form of task confronted by data mining and machine learning researchers. Suggestions of pictures that are relevant to the content of a review could significantly benefit the users by increasing the effectiveness of a review. We propose a deep learning-based framework to automatically: (1) tag the images available in a review dataset, (2) generate a caption for each image that does not have one, and (3) enhance each review by recommending relevant images that might not be uploaded by the corresponding reviewer. We evaluate the proposed framework using the Yelp Challenge Dataset. While a subset of the images in this particular dataset are correctly captioned, the majority of the pictures do not have any associated text. Moreover, there is no mapping between reviews and images. Each image has a corresponding business-tag where the picture was taken, though. The overall data setting and unavailability of crucial pieces required for a mapping make the problem of recommending images for reviews a major challenge. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations indicate that our proposed framework provides high quality enhancements through automatic captioning, tagging, and recommendation for mapping reviews and images.