MetaFAP: Meta-Learning for Frequency Agnostic Prediction of Metasurface Properties

Metasurfaces, and in particular reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), are revolutionizing wireless communications by dynamically controlling electromagnetic waves. Recent wireless communication advancements necessitate broadband and multi-band RIS, capable of supporting dynamic spectrum access and carrier aggregation from sub-6 GHz to mmWave and THz bands. The inherent frequency dependence of meta-atom resonances degrades performance as operating conditions change, making real-time, frequency-agnostic metasurface property prediction crucial for practical deployment. Yet, accurately predicting metasurface behavior across different frequencies remains challenging. Traditional simulations struggle with complexity, while standard deep learning models often overfit or generalize poorly. To address this, we introduce MetaFAP (Meta-Learning for Frequency-Agnostic Prediction), a novel framework built on the meta-learning paradigm for predicting metasurface properties. By training on diverse frequency tasks, MetaFAP learns broadly applicable patterns. This allows it to adapt quickly to new spectral conditions with minimal data, solving key limitations of existing methods. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that MetaFAP reduces prediction errors by an order of magnitude in MSE and MAE while maintaining high Pearson correlations. Remarkably, it achieves inference in less than a millisecond, bypassing the computational bottlenecks of traditional simulations, which take minutes per unit cell and scale poorly with array size. These improvements enable real-time RIS optimization in dynamic environments and support scalable, frequency-agnostic designs. MetaFAP thus bridges the gap between intelligent electromagnetic systems and practical deployment, offering a critical tool for next-generation wireless networks.