FALCON 2.0: An Entity and Relation Linking Tool over Wikidata

Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and frameworks have significantly contributed with solutions to the problems of extracting entities and relations and linking them to the related knowledge graphs. Albeit effective, the majority of existing tools are available for only one knowledge graph. In this paper, we present Falcon 2.0, a rule-based tool capable of accurately mapping entities and relations in short texts to resources in both DBpedia and Wikidata following the same approach in both cases. The input of Falcon 2.0 is a short natural language text in the English language. Falcon 2.0 resorts to fundamental principles of the English morphology (e.g., N-Gram tiling and N-Gram splitting) and background knowledge of labels alignments obtained from studied knowledge graph to return as an output; the resulting entity and relation resources are either in the DBpedia or Wikidata knowledge graphs. We have empirically studied the impact using only Wikidata on Falcon 2.0, and observed it is knowledge graph agnostic, i.e., Falcon 2.0 performance and behavior are not affected by the knowledge graph used as background knowledge. Falcon 2.0 is public and can be reused by the community. Additionally, Falcon 2.0 and its background knowledge bases are available as resources at https://labs.tib.eu/falcon/falcon2/.

FALCON 2.0: An Entity and Relation Linking framework over Wikidata

Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and frameworks have significantly contributed with solutions to the problems of extracting entities and relations and linking them to the related knowledge graphs. Albeit effective, the majority of existing tools are available for only one knowledge graph. In this paper, we present Falcon 2.0, a rule-based tool capable of accurately mapping entities and relations in short texts to resources in both DBpedia and Wikidata following the same approach in both cases. The input of Falcon 2.0 is a short natural language text in the English language. Falcon 2.0 resorts to fundamental principles of the English morphology (e.g., N-Gram tiling and N-Gram splitting) and background knowledge of labels alignments obtained from studied knowledge graph to return as an output; the resulting entity and relation resources are either in the DBpedia or Wikidata knowledge graphs. We have empirically studied the impact using only Wikidata on Falcon 2.0, and observed it is knowledge graph agnostic, i.e., Falcon 2.0 performance and behavior are not affected by the knowledge graph used as background knowledge. Falcon 2.0 is public and can be reused by the community. Additionally, Falcon 2.0 and its background knowledge bases are available as resources at https://labs.tib.eu/falcon/falcon2/.

Context-aware Entity Linking with Attentive Neural Networks on Wikidata Knowledge Graph

The Entity Linking (EL) approaches have been a long-standing research field and find applicability in various use cases such as semantic search, text annotation, question answering, etc. Although effective and robust, current approaches are still limited to particular knowledge repositories (e.g. Wikipedia) or specific knowledge graphs (e.g. Freebase, DBpedia, and YAGO). The collaborative knowledge graphs such as Wikidata excessively rely on the crowd to author the information. Since the crowd is not bound to a standard protocol for assigning entity titles, the knowledge graph is populated by non-standard, noisy, long or even sometimes awkward titles. The issue of long, implicit, and nonstandard entity representations is a challenge in EL approaches for gaining high precision and recall. In this paper, we advance the state-of-the-art approaches by developing a context-aware attentive neural network approach for entity linking on Wikidata. Our approach contributes by exploiting the sufficient context from a Knowledge Graph as a source of background knowledge, which is then fed into the neural network. This approach demonstrates merit to address challenges associated with entity titles (multi-word, long, implicit, case-sensitive). Our experimental study shows $\approx$8\% improvements over the baseline approach, and significantly outperform an end to end approach for Wikidata entity linking. This work, first of its kind, opens a new direction for the research community to pay attention to developing context-aware EL approaches for collaborative knowledge graphs.

Towards Optimisation of Collaborative Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs

Collaborative Question Answering (CQA) frameworks for knowledge graphs aim at integrating existing question answering (QA) components for implementing sequences of QA tasks (i.e. QA pipelines). The research community has paid substantial attention to CQAs since they support reusability and scalability of the available components in addition to the flexibility of pipelines. CQA frameworks attempt to build such pipelines automatically by solving two optimisation problems: 1) local collective performance of QA components per QA task and 2) global performance of QA pipelines. In spite offering several advantages over monolithic QA systems, the effectiveness and efficiency of CQA frameworks in answering questions is limited. In this paper, we tackle the problem of local optimisation of CQA frameworks and propose a three fold approach, which applies feature selection techniques with supervised machine learning approaches in order to identify the best performing components efficiently. We have empirically evaluated our approach over existing benchmarks and compared to existing automatic CQA frameworks. The observed results provide evidence that our approach answers a higher number of questions than the state of the art while reducing: i) the number of used features by 50% and ii) the number of components used by 76%.

No One is Perfect: Analysing the Performance of Question Answering Components over the DBpedia Knowledge Graph

Question answering (QA) over knowledge graphs has gained significant momentum over the past five years due to the increasing availability of large knowledge graphs and the rising importance of question answering for user interaction. DBpedia has been the most prominently used knowledge graph in this setting and most approaches currently use a pipeline of processing steps connecting a sequence of components. In this article, we analyse and micro evaluate the behaviour of 29 available QA components for DBpedia knowledge graph that were released by the research community since 2010. As a result, we provide a perspective on collective failure cases, suggest characteristics of QA components that prevent them from performing better and provide future challenges and research directions for the field.

Robust Object Tracking with Crow Search Optimized Multi-cue Particle Filter

Particle Filter(PF) is used extensively for estimation of target Non-linear and Non-gaussian state. However, its performance suffers due to inherent problem of sample degeneracy and impoverishment. In order to address this, we propose a novel resampling method based upon Crow Search Optimization to overcome low performing particles detected as outlier. Proposed outlier detection mechanism with transductive reliability achieve faster convergence of proposed PF tracking framework. In addition, we present an adaptive fuzzy fusion model to integrate multi-cue extracted for each evaluated particle. Automatic boosting and suppression of particles using proposed fusion model not only enhances performance of resampling method but also achieve optimal state estimation. Performance of the proposed tracker is evaluated over 12 benchmark video sequences and compared with state-of-the-art solutions. Qualitative and quantitative results reveals that the proposed tracker not only outperforms existing solutions but also efficiently handle various tracking challenges. On average of outcome, we achieve CLE of 7.98 and F-measure of 0.734.