FireSenseNet: A Dual-Branch CNN with Cross-Attentive Feature Interaction for Next-Day Wildfire Spread Prediction

Accurate prediction of next-day wildfire spread is critical for disaster response and resource allocation. Existing deep learning approaches typically concatenate heterogeneous geospatial inputs into a single tensor, ignoring the fundamental physical distinction between static fuel/terrain properties and dynamic meteorological conditions. We propose FireSenseNet, a dual-branch convolutional neural network equipped with a novel Cross-Attentive Feature Interaction Module (CAFIM) that explicitly models the spatially varying interaction between fuel and weather modalities through learnable attention gates at multiple encoder scales. Through a systematic comparison of seven architectures -- spanning pure CNNs, Vision Transformers, and hybrid designs -- on the Google Next-Day Wildfire Spread benchmark, we demonstrate that FireSenseNet achieves an F1 of 0.4176 and AUC-PR of 0.3435, outperforming all alternatives including a SegFormer with 3.8* more parameters (F1 = 0.3502). Ablation studies confirm that CAFIM provides a 7.1% relative F1 gain over naive concatenation, and channel-wise feature importance analysis reveals that the previous-day fire mask dominates prediction while wind speed acts as noise at the dataset's coarse temporal resolution. We further incorporate Monte Carlo Dropout for pixel-level uncertainty quantification and present a critical analysis showing that common evaluation shortcuts inflate reported F1 scores by over 44%.

GISclaw: An Open-Source LLM-Powered Agent System for Full-Stack Geospatial Analysis

The convergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Geographic Information Science has opened new avenues for automating complex geospatial analysis. However, existing LLM-powered GIS agents are constrained by limited data-type coverage (vector-only), reliance on proprietary GIS platforms, and single-model architectures that preclude systematic comparisons. We present GISclaw, an open-source agent system that integrates an LLM reasoning core with a persistent Python sandbox, a comprehensive suite of open-source GIS libraries (GeoPandas, rasterio, scipy, scikit-learn), and a web-based interactive interface for full-stack geospatial analysis spanning vector, raster, and tabular data. GISclaw implements two pluggable agent architectures -- a Single Agent ReAct loop and a Dual Agent Plan-Execute-Replan pipeline -- and supports six heterogeneous LLM backends ranging from cloud-hosted flagship models (GPT-5.4) to locally deployed 14B models on consumer GPUs. Through three key engineering innovations -- Schema Analysis bridging the task-data information gap, Domain Knowledge injection for domain-specific workflows, and an Error Memory mechanism for intelligent self-correction -- GISclaw achieves up to 96% task success on the 50-task GeoAnalystBench benchmark. Systematic evaluation across 600 model--architecture--task combinations reveals that the Dual Agent architecture consistently degrades strong models while providing marginal gains for weaker ones. We further propose a three-layer evaluation protocol incorporating code structure analysis, reasoning process assessment, and type-specific output verification for comprehensive GIS agent assessment. The system and all evaluation code are publicly available.