Science Hierarchography: Hierarchical Organization of Science Literature

Scientific knowledge is growing rapidly, making it challenging to track progress and high-level conceptual links across broad disciplines. While existing tools like citation networks and search engines make it easy to access a few related papers, they fundamentally lack the flexible abstraction needed to represent the density of activity in various scientific subfields. We motivate SCIENCE HIERARCHOGRAPHY, the goal of organizing scientific literature into a high-quality hierarchical structure that allows for the categorization of scientific work across varying levels of abstraction, from very broad fields to very specific studies. Such a representation can provide insights into which fields are well-explored and which are under-explored. To achieve the goals of SCIENCE HIERARCHOGRAPHY, we develop a range of algorithms. Our primary approach combines fast embedding-based clustering with LLM-based prompting to balance the computational efficiency of embedding methods with the semantic precision offered by LLM prompting. We demonstrate that this approach offers the best trade-off between quality and speed compared to methods that heavily rely on LLM prompting, such as iterative tree construction with LLMs. To better reflect the interdisciplinary and multifaceted nature of research papers, our hierarchy captures multiple dimensions of categorization beyond simple topic labels. We evaluate the utility of our framework by assessing how effectively an LLM-based agent can locate target papers using the hierarchy. Results show that this structured approach enhances interpretability, supports trend discovery, and offers an alternative pathway for exploring scientific literature beyond traditional search methods. Code, data and demo: $\href{https://github.com/JHU-CLSP/science-hierarchography}{https://github.com/JHU-CLSP/science-hierarchography}$

A Method for Waste Segregation using Convolutional Neural Networks

Segregation of garbage is a primary concern in many nations across the world. Even though we are in the modern era, many people still do not know how to distinguish between organic and recyclable waste. It is because of this that the world is facing a major crisis of waste disposal. In this paper, we try to use deep learning algorithms to help solve this problem of waste classification. The waste is classified into two categories like organic and recyclable. Our proposed model achieves an accuracy of 94.9%. Although the other two models also show promising results, the Proposed Model stands out with the greatest accuracy. With the help of deep learning, one of the greatest obstacles to efficient waste management can finally be removed.