A Path Towards Legal Autonomy: An interoperable and explainable approach to extracting, transforming, loading and computing legal information using large language models, expert systems and Bayesian networks

Legal autonomy - the lawful activity of artificial intelligence agents - can be achieved in one of two ways. It can be achieved either by imposing constraints on AI actors such as developers, deployers and users, and on AI resources such as data, or by imposing constraints on the range and scope of the impact that AI agents can have on the environment. The latter approach involves encoding extant rules concerning AI driven devices into the software of AI agents controlling those devices (e.g., encoding rules about limitations on zones of operations into the agent software of an autonomous drone device). This is a challenge since the effectivity of such an approach requires a method of extracting, loading, transforming and computing legal information that would be both explainable and legally interoperable, and that would enable AI agents to reason about the law. In this paper, we sketch a proof of principle for such a method using large language models (LLMs), expert legal systems known as legal decision paths, and Bayesian networks. We then show how the proposed method could be applied to extant regulation in matters of autonomous cars, such as the California Vehicle Code.

Enactive Artificial Intelligence: Subverting Gender Norms in Robot-Human Interaction

Enactive Artificial Intelligence (eAI) motivates new directions towards gender-inclusive AI. Beyond a mirror reflecting our values, AI design has a profound impact on shaping the enaction of cultural identities. The traditionally unrepresentative, white, cisgender, heterosexual dominant narratives are partial, and thereby active vehicles of social marginalisation. Drawing from enactivism, the paper first characterises AI design as a cultural practice; which is then specified in feminist technoscience principles, i.e. how gender and other embodied identity markers are entangled in AI. These principles are then discussed in the specific case of feminist human-robot interaction. The paper, then, stipulates the conditions for eAI: an eAI robot is a robot that (1) plays a cultural role in individual and social identity, (2) this role takes the form of human-robot dynamical interaction, and (3) interaction is embodied. Drawing from eAI, finally, the paper offers guidelines for I. eAI gender-inclusive AI, and II. subverting existing gender norms of robot design.