Surviving the Unseen: Predictive Defense for Novel Multi-Turn Multimodal Attacks

The expansion of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and their integration into autonomous agentic workflows has introduced a non-stationary attack surface. Empirical observations indicate that adversaries employ progressive, cross-modal perturbations that evade turn-specific guardrails by distributing malicious intent across longitudinal conversational trajectories. Static defense mechanisms, constrained by the Markov property, evaluate inputs in isolation and fail to detect cumulative structural poisoning. To handle this limitation, this paper formulates safety verification as a dynamic survival prediction and trajectory dynamics problem. The Triple-tier Anomaly Defense (TRIAD) framework is proposed as a predictive model that maps multimodal and multi-turn conversational flow as a continuous trajectory. The framework integrates structural anomaly detection to monitor covariance shifts, a Ledoit-Wolf regularized Mahalanobis distance to monitor covariance shifts in high-dimensional spaces, and topological trajectory acceleration to differentiate benign creative exploration from continuous malicious drift. These kinematic and geometric features are integrated into a time-varying Cox Proportional Hazards model via a Bayesian Hidden Markov Model (HMM) feedback loop. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the TRIAD framework provides a mathematically bounded expected time-to-failure under adversarial perturbations, ensuring that malicious acceleration diverges positively. This framework provides a computationally efficient, interpretable, and predictive safeguard for real-time agentic AI systems, establishing a rigorous foundation for continuous safety alignment without relying on empirical retraining.

Trust & Safety of LLMs and LLMs in Trust & Safety

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable attention for their remarkable abilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their widespread adoption has raised concerns pertaining to trust and safety. This systematic review investigates the current research landscape on trust and safety in LLMs, with a particular focus on the novel application of LLMs within the field of Trust and Safety itself. We delve into the complexities of utilizing LLMs in domains where maintaining trust and safety is paramount, offering a consolidated perspective on this emerging trend.\ By synthesizing findings from various studies, we identify key challenges and potential solutions, aiming to benefit researchers and practitioners seeking to understand the nuanced interplay between LLMs and Trust and Safety. This review provides insights on best practices for using LLMs in Trust and Safety, and explores emerging risks such as prompt injection and jailbreak attacks. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how LLMs can be effectively and responsibly utilized to enhance trust and safety in the digital realm.

Evaluating Deduplication Techniques for Economic Research Paper Titles with a Focus on Semantic Similarity using NLP and LLMs

This study investigates efficient deduplication techniques for a large NLP dataset of economic research paper titles. We explore various pairing methods alongside established distance measures (Levenshtein distance, cosine similarity) and a sBERT model for semantic evaluation. Our findings suggest a potentially low prevalence of duplicates based on the observed semantic similarity across different methods. Further exploration with a human-annotated ground truth set is completed for a more conclusive assessment. The result supports findings from the NLP, LLM based distance metrics.