Interpreting Face Inference Models using Hierarchical Network Dissection

This paper presents Hierarchical Network Dissection, a general pipeline to interpret the internal representation of face-centric inference models. Using a probabilistic formulation, Hierarchical Network Dissection pairs units of the model with concepts in our "Face Dictionary" (a collection of facial concepts with corresponding sample images). Our pipeline is inspired by Network Dissection, a popular interpretability model for object-centric and scene-centric models. However, our formulation allows to deal with two important challenges of face-centric models that Network Dissection cannot address: (1) spacial overlap of concepts: there are different facial concepts that simultaneously occur in the same region of the image, like "nose" (facial part) and "pointy nose" (facial attribute); and (2) global concepts: there are units with affinity to concepts that do not refer to specific locations of the face (e.g. apparent age). To validate the effectiveness of our unit-concept pairing formulation, we first conduct controlled experiments on biased data. These experiments illustrate how Hierarchical Network Dissection can be used to discover bias in the training data. Then, we dissect different face-centric inference models trained on widely-used facial datasets. The results show models trained for different tasks have different internal representations. Furthermore, the interpretability results reveal some biases in the training data and some interesting characteristics of the face-centric inference tasks.