Voice-Driven Mortality Prediction in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients: A Machine Learning Approach Enhanced with Diagnostic Biomarkers

Addressing heart failure (HF) as a prevalent global health concern poses difficulties in implementing innovative approaches for enhanced patient care. Predicting mortality rates in HF patients, in particular, is difficult yet critical, necessitating individualized care, proactive management, and enabling educated decision-making to enhance outcomes. Recently, the significance of voice biomarkers coupled with Machine Learning (ML) has surged, demonstrating remarkable efficacy, particularly in predicting heart failure. The synergy of voice analysis and ML algorithms provides a non-invasive and easily accessible means to evaluate patients' health. However, there is a lack of voice biomarkers for predicting mortality rates among heart failure patients with standardized speech protocols. Here, we demonstrate a powerful and effective ML model for predicting mortality rates in hospitalized HF patients through the utilization of voice biomarkers. By seamlessly integrating voice biomarkers into routine patient monitoring, this strategy has the potential to improve patient outcomes, optimize resource allocation, and advance patient-centered HF management. In this study, a Machine Learning system, specifically a logistic regression model, is trained to predict patients' 5-year mortality rates using their speech as input. The model performs admirably and consistently, as demonstrated by cross-validation and statistical approaches (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, integrating NT-proBNP, a diagnostic biomarker in HF, improves the model's predictive accuracy substantially.

Next-gen traffic surveillance: AI-assisted mobile traffic violation detection system

Road traffic accidents pose a significant global public health concern, leading to injuries, fatalities, and vehicle damage. Approximately 1,3 million people lose their lives daily due to traffic accidents [World Health Organization, 2022]. Addressing this issue requires accurate traffic law violation detection systems to ensure adherence to regulations. The integration of Artificial Intelligence algorithms, leveraging machine learning and computer vision, has facilitated the development of precise traffic rule enforcement. This paper illustrates how computer vision and machine learning enable the creation of robust algorithms for detecting various traffic violations. Our model, capable of identifying six common traffic infractions, detects red light violations, illegal use of breakdown lanes, violations of vehicle following distance, breaches of marked crosswalk laws, illegal parking, and parking on marked crosswalks. Utilizing online traffic footage and a self-mounted on-dash camera, we apply the YOLOv5 algorithm's detection module to identify traffic agents such as cars, pedestrians, and traffic signs, and the strongSORT algorithm for continuous interframe tracking. Six discrete algorithms analyze agents' behavior and trajectory to detect violations. Subsequently, an Identification Module extracts vehicle ID information, such as the license plate, to generate violation notices sent to relevant authorities.