Can the Language of the Collation be Translated into the Language of the Stemma? Using Machine Translation for Witness Localization

Stemmatology is a subfield of philology where one approach to understand the copy-history of textual variants of a text (witnesses of a tradition) is to generate an evolutionary tree. Computational methods are partly shared between the sister discipline of phylogenetics and stemmatology. In 2022, a surveypaper in nature communications found that Deep Learning (DL), which otherwise has brought about major improvements in many fields (Krohn et al 2020) has had only minor successes in phylogenetics and that "it is difficult to conceive of an end-to-end DL model to directly estimate phylogenetic trees from raw data in the near future"(Sapoval et al. 2022, p.8). In stemmatology, there is to date no known DL approach at all. In this paper, we present a new DL approach to placement of manuscripts on a stemma and demonstrate its potential. This could be extended to phylogenetics where the universal code of DNA might be an even better prerequisite for the method using sequence to sequence based neural networks in order to retrieve tree distances.

Language classification from bilingual word embedding graphs

We study the role of the second language in bilingual word embeddings in monolingual semantic evaluation tasks. We find strongly and weakly positive correlations between down-stream task performance and second language similarity to the target language. Additionally, we show how bilingual word embeddings can be employed for the task of semantic language classification and that joint semantic spaces vary in meaningful ways across second languages. Our results support the hypothesis that semantic language similarity is influenced by both structural similarity as well as geography/contact.