Stable-Layers: Fine-Tuning Image Layer Decomposition Models with VLM-Scored Reinforcement Learning

We present Stable-Layers, a reinforcement learning framework that eliminates the need for paired supervision by fine-tuning a pretrained layer decomposition model using only feedback from a vision-language model (VLM). Starting from Qwen-Image-Layered, we apply Flow-GRPO with LoRA adaptation, sampling multiple candidate decompositions per image, scoring them with a VLM, and optimising the policy from group-relative advantages. The key challenge lies in designing a reliable reward signal: VLMs scoring samples in isolation tend to compress their judgements into a narrow band, leaving GRPO with little within-group variance to learn from. We address this with a two-stage evaluation pipeline that pairs structured per-sample scoring across five edit-centric criteria with a grid-based calibration step in which the VLM re-scores all candidates side-by-side. Stable-Layers produces decompositions with stronger layer separation, fewer blank or artifact-heavy layers, and lower per-layer reconstruction error on the Crello dataset compared to the base model.