Pretraining on Sleep Data Improves non-Sleep Biosignal Tasks

Sleep foundation models have recently demonstrated strong performance on in-domain polysomnography tasks, including sleep staging, apnea detection, and disease risk prediction. In this work, we investigate whether sleep biosignals can serve as an effective pretraining distribution for learning representations that transfer beyond sleep to adjacent domains. Following sleep foundation models, we perform sleep-only multimodal contrastive pretraining (with a leave-one-out objective) and evaluate transfer to non-sleep EEG and ECG, two well-benchmarked biosignal modalities with heterogeneous datasets and clinically meaningful downstream tasks. Across eight downstream tasks spanning multiple EEG and ECG datasets, sleep pretraining consistently improves performance relative to training from scratch. Moreover, on several tasks, we achieve performance competitive with or surpassing prior specialized state-of-the-art and foundation models.