GEAR: Geography-knowledge Enhanced Analog Recognition Framework in Extreme Environments

The Mariana Trench and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau exhibit significant similarities in geological origins and microbial metabolic functions. Given that deep-sea biological sampling faces prohibitive costs, recognizing structurally homologous terrestrial analogs of the Mariana Trench on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great significance. Yet, no existing model adequately addresses cross-domain topographic similarity retrieval, either neglecting geographical knowledge or sacrificing computational efficiency. To address these challenges, we present \underline{\textbf{G}}eography-knowledge \underline{\textbf{E}}nhanced \underline{\textbf{A}}nalog \underline{\textbf{R}}ecognition (\textbf{GEAR}) Framework, a three-stage pipeline designed to efficiently retrieve analogs from 2.5 million square kilometers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: (1) Skeleton guided Screening and Clipping: Recognition of candidate valleys and initial screening based on size and linear morphological criteria. (2) Physics aware Filtering: The Topographic Waveform Comparator (TWC) and Morphological Texture Module (MTM) evaluate the waveform and texture and filter out inconsistent candidate valleys. (3) Graph based Fine Recognition: We design a \underline{\textbf{M}}orphology-integrated \underline{\textbf{S}}iamese \underline{\textbf{G}}raph \underline{\textbf{N}}etwork (\textbf{MSG-Net}) based on geomorphological metrics. Correspondingly, we release an expert-annotated topographic similarity dataset targeting tectonic collision zones. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of every stage. Besides, MSG-Net achieved an F1-Score 1.38 percentage points higher than the SOTA baseline. Using features extracted by MSG-Net, we discovered a significant correlation with biological data, providing evidence for future biological analysis.