Definition and Quantification of Shock/Impact/Transient Vibrations

Vibration injury in the hand-arm system from hand-held machines is one of the most common occupational health injuries and causes severe and often chronic nerve and vascular injury to the operator. Machines emitting shock vibrations, e.g., impact wrenches have since long been identified as a special risk factor. In legislative and standard texts the terms shock, impact, and transient vibration are frequently used to underline the special risk associated with these kinds of vibrations. In spite of this, there is no mathematically stringent definition what a shock vibration is or how the amplitude of the shock is defined. This lack of definitions is the subject of this article. This document discusses a number of candidate definitions for a vibration shock index (VSI) that quantifies different vibration signals in terms of how localized they are in the time domain. The VSI is intended to be used to classify and compare different vibration sources. The VSI is independent of the vibration level, i.e., it is unchanged if the vibration signal is rescaled. The traditional root mean square method to determine the vibration level will not produce a value representative for the shocks occurring in a signal with high VSI. Thus, there is a need for a complementing quantification method for the localized signal parts. Possible definitions for such a vibration shock level (VSL) are suggested. A problem formulation is first stated together with a description of the approach used for designing the VSI and the VSL. After this, model signals are defined, which are used to discuss and evaluate the different candidate definitions. Then, a number of candidate definitions are discussed, leading up to a conclusion on which candidate definitions that are promising for experimental evaluation.