DebriSense: Terahertz-based Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) for Debris Detection and Classification in the Internet of Space (IoS)

The proliferation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has intensified the challenge of space debris management. This paper introduces DebriSense-THz, a novel Terahertz-Enabled Debris Sensing system for LEO satellites that leverages Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) technology. We present a comprehensive THz channel model for LEO environments, incorporating debris interactions such as reflection, scattering, and diffraction. The DebriSense-THz architecture employs machine learning techniques for debris detection and classification using Channel State Information (CSI) features. Performance evaluation across different frequencies (30 GHz-5 THz), MIMO configurations, debris densities, and SNR levels demonstrates significant improvements in debris detection and classification accuracy (95-99% at 5 THz compared to 62-81% at 30 GHz). Higher SNR configurations enhance sensing performance, particularly at higher frequencies. The system shows robust performance across various debris densities and MIMO size in the THz range, with a noted trade-off between communication reliability and sensing accuracy at lower frequencies. DebriSense-THz represents a significant advance in space situational awareness, paving the way for more effective debris mitigation strategies in increasingly congested LEO environments.