Transforming ECG Diagnosis:An In-depth Review of Transformer-based DeepLearning Models in Cardiovascular Disease Detection

The emergence of deep learning has significantly enhanced the analysis of electrocardiograms (ECGs), a non-invasive method that is essential for assessing heart health. Despite the complexity of ECG interpretation, advanced deep learning models outperform traditional methods. However, the increasing complexity of ECG data and the need for real-time and accurate diagnosis necessitate exploring more robust architectures, such as transformers. Here, we present an in-depth review of transformer architectures that are applied to ECG classification. Originally developed for natural language processing, these models capture complex temporal relationships in ECG signals that other models might overlook. We conducted an extensive search of the latest transformer-based models and summarize them to discuss the advances and challenges in their application and suggest potential future improvements. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners and aims to shed light on this innovative application in ECG interpretation.

Towards Alzheimer's Disease Progression Assessment: A Review of Machine Learning Methods

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as the most devastating neurodegenerative disease worldwide, has reached nearly 10 million new cases annually. Current technology provides unprecedented opportunities to study the progression and etiology of this disease with the advanced in imaging techniques. With the recent emergence of a society driven by big data and machine learning (ML), researchers have exerted considerable effort to summarize recent advances in ML-based AD diagnosis. Here, we outline some of the most prevalent and recent ML models for assessing the progression of AD and provide insights on the challenges, opportunities, and future directions that could be advantageous to future research in AD using ML.