Stop Wasting Your Tokens: Towards Efficient Runtime Multi-Agent Systems

While Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) excel at complex tasks, their growing autonomy with operational complexity often leads to critical inefficiencies, such as excessive token consumption and failures arising from misinformation. Existing methods primarily focus on post-hoc failure attribution, lacking proactive, real-time interventions to enhance robustness and efficiency. To this end, we introduce SupervisorAgent, a lightweight and modular framework for runtime, adaptive supervision that operates without altering the base agent's architecture. Triggered by an LLM-free adaptive filter, SupervisorAgent intervenes at critical junctures to proactively correct errors, guide inefficient behaviors, and purify observations. On the challenging GAIA benchmark, SupervisorAgent reduces the token consumption of the Smolagent framework by an average of 29.45% without compromising its success rate. Extensive experiments across five additional benchmarks (math reasoning, code generation, and question answering) and various SoTA foundation models validate the broad applicability and robustness of our approach. The code is available at https://github.com/LINs-lab/SupervisorAgent.

QHARMA-GAN: Quasi-Harmonic Neural Vocoder based on Autoregressive Moving Average Model

Vocoders, encoding speech signals into acoustic features and allowing for speech signal reconstruction from them, have been studied for decades. Recently, the rise of deep learning has particularly driven the development of neural vocoders to generate high-quality speech signals. On the other hand, the existing end-to-end neural vocoders suffer from a black-box nature that blinds the speech production mechanism and the intrinsic structure of speech, resulting in the ambiguity of separately modeling source excitation and resonance characteristics and the loss of flexibly synthesizing or modifying speech with high quality. Moreover, their sequence-wise waveform generation usually requires complicated networks, leading to substantial time consumption. In this work, inspired by the quasi-harmonic model (QHM) that represents speech as sparse components, we combine the neural network and QHM synthesis process to propose a novel framework for the neural vocoder. Accordingly, speech signals can be encoded into autoregressive moving average (ARMA) functions to model the resonance characteristics, yielding accurate estimates of the amplitudes and phases of quasi-harmonics at any frequency. Subsequently, the speech can be resynthesized and arbitrarily modified in terms of pitch shifting and time stretching with high quality, whereas the time consumption and network size decrease. The experiments indicate that the proposed method leverages the strengths of QHM, the ARMA model, and neural networks, leading to the outperformance of our methods over other methods in terms of generation speed, synthesis quality, and modification flexibility.