Facial Information Recovery from Heavily Damaged Images using Generative Adversarial Network- PART 1

Over the past decades, a large number of techniques have emerged in modern imaging systems to capture the exact information of the original scene regardless of shake, motion, lighting conditions and etc., These developments have progressively addressed the acquisition of images in high speed and high resolutions. However, the various ineradicable real-time factors cause the degradation of the information and the quality of the acquired images. The available techniques are not intelligent enough to generalize this complex phenomenon. Hence, it is necessary to develop an intellectual framework to recover the possible information presented in the original scene. In this article, we propose a kernel free framework based on conditional-GAN to recover the information from the heavily damaged images. The degradation of images is assumed to be occurred by the combination of a various blur. Learning parameter of the cGAN is optimized by multi-component loss function that includes improved wasserstein loss with regression loss function. The generator module of this network is developed by using U-Net architecture with local Residual connections and global skip connection. Local connections and a global skip connection are implemented for the utilization of all stages of features. Generated images show that the network has the potential to recover the probable information of blurred images from the learned features. This research work is carried out as a part of our IOP studio software 'Facial recognition module'.

Learning The Sequential Temporal Information with Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent Networks are one of the most powerful and promising artificial neural network algorithms to processing the sequential data such as natural languages, sound, time series data. Unlike traditional feed-forward network, Recurrent Network has a inherent feed back loop that allows to store the temporal context information and pass the state of information to the entire sequences of the events. This helps to achieve the state of art performance in many important tasks such as language modeling, stock market prediction, image captioning, speech recognition, machine translation and object tracking etc., However, training the fully connected RNN and managing the gradient flow are the complicated process. Many studies are carried out to address the mentioned limitation. This article is intent to provide the brief details about recurrent neurons, its variances and trips & tricks to train the fully recurrent neural network. This review work is carried out as a part of our IPO studio software module 'Multiple Object Tracking'.

Implementation of Deep Convolutional Neural Network in Multi-class Categorical Image Classification

Convolutional Neural Networks has been implemented in many complex machine learning takes such as image classification, object identification, autonomous vehicle and robotic vision tasks. However, ConvNet architecture efficiency and accuracy depend on a large number of fac- tors. Also, the complex architecture requires a significant amount of data to train and involves with a large number of hyperparameters that increases the computational expenses and difficul- ties. Hence, it is necessary to address the limitations and techniques to overcome the barriers to ensure that the architecture performs well in complex visual tasks. This article is intended to develop an efficient ConvNet architecture for multi-class image categorical classification applica- tion. In the development of the architecture, large pool of grey scale images are taken as input information images and split into training and test datasets. The numerously available technique is implemented to reduce the overfitting and poor generalization of the network. The hyperpa- rameters of determined by Bayesian Optimization with Gaussian Process prior algorithm. ReLu non-linear activation function is implemented after the convolutional layers. Max pooling op- eration is carried out to downsampling the data points in pooling layers. Cross-entropy loss function is used to measure the performance of the architecture where the softmax is used in the classification layer. Mini-batch gradient descent with Adam optimizer algorithm is used for backpropagation. Developed architecture is validated with confusion matrix and classification report.

Hyperparameters Optimization in Deep Convolutional Neural Network / Bayesian Approach with Gaussian Process Prior

Convolutional Neural Network is known as ConvNet have been extensively used in many complex machine learning tasks. However, hyperparameters optimization is one of a crucial step in developing ConvNet architectures, since the accuracy and performance are reliant on the hyperparameters. This multilayered architecture parameterized by a set of hyperparameters such as the number of convolutional layers, number of fully connected dense layers & neurons, the probability of dropout implementation, learning rate. Hence the searching the hyperparameter over the hyperparameter space are highly difficult to build such complex hierarchical architecture. Many methods have been proposed over the decade to explore the hyperparameter space and find the optimum set of hyperparameter values. Reportedly, Gird search and Random search are said to be inefficient and extremely expensive, due to a large number of hyperparameters of the architecture. Hence, Sequential model-based Bayesian Optimization is a promising alternative technique to address the extreme of the unknown cost function. The recent study on Bayesian Optimization by Snoek in nine convolutional network parameters is achieved the lowerest error report in the CIFAR-10 benchmark. This article is intended to provide the overview of the mathematical concept behind the Bayesian Optimization over a Gaussian prior.

Regularization and Optimization strategies in Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Convolution Neural Networks, known as ConvNets exceptionally perform well in many complex machine learning tasks. The architecture of ConvNets demands the huge and rich amount of data and involves with a vast number of parameters that leads the learning takes to be computationally expensive, slow convergence towards the global minima, trap in local minima with poor predictions. In some cases, architecture overfits the data and make the architecture difficult to generalise for new samples that were not in the training set samples. To address these limitations, many regularization and optimization strategies are developed for the past few years. Also, studies suggested that these techniques significantly increase the performance of the networks as well as reducing the computational cost. In implementing these techniques, one must thoroughly understand the theoretical concept of how this technique works in increasing the expressive power of the networks. This article is intended to provide the theoretical concepts and mathematical formulation of the most commonly used strategies in developing a ConvNet architecture.

Feed Forward and Backward Run in Deep Convolution Neural Network

Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), known as ConvNets are widely used in many visual imagery application, object classification, speech recognition. After the implementation and demonstration of the deep convolution neural network in Imagenet classification in 2012 by krizhevsky, the architecture of deep Convolution Neural Network is attracted many researchers. This has led to the major development in Deep learning frameworks such as Tensorflow, caffe, keras, theno. Though the implementation of deep learning is quite possible by employing deep learning frameworks, mathematical theory and concepts are harder to understand for new learners and practitioners. This article is intended to provide an overview of ConvNets architecture and to explain the mathematical theory behind it including activation function, loss function, feedforward and backward propagation. In this article, grey scale image is taken as input information image, ReLU and Sigmoid activation function are considered for developing the architecture and cross-entropy loss function are used for computing the difference between predicted value and actual value. The architecture is developed in such a way that it can contain one convolution layer, one pooling layer, and multiple dense layers