Evaluating Structured Output Robustness of Small Language Models for Open Attribute-Value Extraction from Clinical Notes

We present a comparative analysis of the parseability of structured outputs generated by small language models for open attribute-value extraction from clinical notes. We evaluate three widely used serialization formats: JSON, YAML, and XML, and find that JSON consistently yields the highest parseability. Structural robustness improves with targeted prompting and larger models, but declines for longer documents and certain note types. Our error analysis identifies recurring format-specific failure patterns. These findings offer practical guidance for selecting serialization formats and designing prompts when deploying language models in privacy-sensitive clinical settings.

From Annotation to Adaptation: Metrics, Synthetic Data, and Aspect Extraction for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis with Large Language Models

This study examines the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), with a focus on implicit aspect extraction in a novel domain. Using a synthetic sports feedback dataset, we evaluate open-weight LLMs' ability to extract aspect-polarity pairs and propose a metric to facilitate the evaluation of aspect extraction with generative models. Our findings highlight both the potential and limitations of LLMs in the ABSA task.

Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicine

This paper provides a detailed examination of the advancements and applications of large language models in the healthcare sector, with a particular emphasis on clinical applications. The study traces the evolution of LLMs from their foundational technologies to the latest developments in domain-specific models and multimodal integration. It explores the technical progression from encoder-based models requiring fine-tuning to sophisticated approaches that integrate textual, visual, and auditory data, thereby facilitating comprehensive AI solutions in healthcare. The paper discusses both the opportunities these technologies present for enhancing clinical efficiency and the challenges they pose in terms of ethics, data privacy, and implementation. Additionally, it critically evaluates the deployment strategies of LLMs, emphasizing the necessity of open-source models to ensure data privacy and adaptability within healthcare environments. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on empirical studies to evaluate the real-world efficacy of LLMs in healthcare and the development of open datasets for further research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for both newcomers and multidisciplinary researchers interested in the intersection of AI and healthcare.