Kissan-Dost: Bridging the Last Mile in Smallholder Precision Agriculture with Conversational IoT

We present Kissan-Dost, a multilingual, sensor-grounded conversational system that turns live on-farm measurements and weather into plain-language guidance delivered over WhatsApp text or voice. The system couples commodity soil and climate sensors with retrieval-augmented generation, then enforces grounding, traceability, and proactive alerts through a modular pipeline. In a 90-day, two-site pilot with five participants, we ran three phases (baseline, dashboard only, chatbot only). Dashboard engagement was sporadic and faded, while the chatbot was used nearly daily and informed concrete actions. Controlled tests on 99 sensor-grounded crop queries achieved over 90 percent correctness with subsecond end-to-end latency, alongside high-quality translation outputs. Results show that careful last-mile integration, not novel circuitry, unlocks the latent value of existing Agri-IoT for smallholders.

TweakLLM: A Routing Architecture for Dynamic Tailoring of Cached Responses

Large Language Models (LLMs) process millions of queries daily, making efficient response caching a compelling optimization for reducing cost and latency. However, preserving relevance to user queries using this approach proves difficult due to the personalized nature of chatbot interactions and the limited accuracy of semantic similarity search. To address this, we present TweakLLM, a novel routing architecture that employs a lightweight LLM to dynamically adapt cached responses to incoming prompts. Through comprehensive evaluation, including user studies with side-by-side comparisons, satisfaction voting, as well as multi-agent LLM debates, we demonstrate that TweakLLM maintains response quality comparable to frontier models while significantly improving cache effectiveness. Our results across real-world datasets highlight TweakLLM as a scalable, resource-efficient caching solution for high-volume LLM deployments without compromising user experience.