Ontology-Based Structuring and Analysis of North Macedonian Public Procurement Contracts

Public procurement plays a critical role in government operations, ensuring the efficient allocation of resources and fostering economic growth. However, traditional procurement data is often stored in rigid, tabular formats, limiting its analytical potential and hindering transparency. This research presents a methodological framework for transforming structured procurement data into a semantic knowledge graph, leveraging ontological modeling and automated data transformation techniques. By integrating RDF and SPARQL-based querying, the system enhances the accessibility and interpretability of procurement records, enabling complex semantic queries and advanced analytics. Furthermore, by incorporating machine learning-driven predictive modeling, the system extends beyond conventional data analysis, offering insights into procurement trends and risk assessment. This work contributes to the broader field of public procurement intelligence by improving data transparency, supporting evidence-based decision-making, and enabling in-depth analysis of procurement activities in North Macedonia.

Enhancing Knowledge Graph Construction Using Large Language Models

The growing trend of Large Language Models (LLM) development has attracted significant attention, with models for various applications emerging consistently. However, the combined application of Large Language Models with semantic technologies for reasoning and inference is still a challenging task. This paper analyzes how the current advances in foundational LLM, like ChatGPT, can be compared with the specialized pretrained models, like REBEL, for joint entity and relation extraction. To evaluate this approach, we conducted several experiments using sustainability-related text as our use case. We created pipelines for the automatic creation of Knowledge Graphs from raw texts, and our findings indicate that using advanced LLM models can improve the accuracy of the process of creating these graphs from unstructured text. Furthermore, we explored the potential of automatic ontology creation using foundation LLM models, which resulted in even more relevant and accurate knowledge graphs.