Transforming Traditional Neural Networks into Neuromorphic Quantum-Cognitive Models: A Tutorial with Applications

Quantum technologies are increasingly pervasive, underpinning the operation of numerous electronic, optical and medical devices. Today, we are also witnessing rapid advancements in quantum computing and communication. However, access to quantum technologies in computation remains largely limited to professionals in research organisations and high-tech industries. This paper demonstrates how traditional neural networks can be transformed into neuromorphic quantum models, enabling anyone with a basic understanding of undergraduate-level machine learning to create quantum-inspired models that mimic the functioning of the human brain -- all using a standard laptop. We present several examples of these quantum machine learning transformations and explore their potential applications, aiming to make quantum technology more accessible and practical for broader use. The examples discussed in this paper include quantum-inspired analogues of feedforward neural networks, recurrent neural networks, Echo State Network reservoir computing and Bayesian neural networks, demonstrating that a quantum approach can both optimise the training process and equip the models with certain human-like cognitive characteristics.

Quantum-Cognitive Neural Networks: Assessing Confidence and Uncertainty with Human Decision-Making Simulations

Modern machine learning (ML) systems excel in recognising and classifying images with remarkable accuracy. However, like many computer software systems, they can fail by generating confusing or erroneous outputs or by deferring to human operators to interpret the results and make final decisions. In this paper, we employ the recently proposed quantum-tunnelling neural networks (QT-NNs), inspired by human brain processes, alongside quantum cognition theory, to classify image datasets while emulating human perception and judgment. Our findings suggest that the QT-NN model provides compelling evidence of its potential to replicate human-like decision-making and outperform traditional ML algorithms.