Infomorphic networks: Locally learning neural networks derived from partial information decomposition

Understanding the intricate cooperation among individual neurons in performing complex tasks remains a challenge to this date. In this paper, we propose a novel type of model neuron that emulates the functional characteristics of biological neurons by optimizing an abstract local information processing goal. We have previously formulated such a goal function based on principles from partial information decomposition (PID). Here, we present a corresponding parametric local learning rule which serves as the foundation of "infomorphic networks" as a novel concrete model of neural networks. We demonstrate the versatility of these networks to perform tasks from supervised, unsupervised and memory learning. By leveraging the explanatory power and interpretable nature of the PID framework, these infomorphic networks represent a valuable tool to advance our understanding of cortical function.