Efficient Fault Detection in WSN Based on PCA-Optimized Deep Neural Network Slicing Trained with GOA

Fault detection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is crucial for reliable data transmission and network longevity. Traditional fault detection methods often struggle with optimizing deep neural networks (DNNs) for efficient performance, especially in handling high-dimensional data and capturing nonlinear relationships. Additionally, these methods typically suffer from slow convergence and difficulty in finding optimal network architectures using gradient-based optimization. This study proposes a novel hybrid method combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a DNN optimized by the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to address these limitations. Our approach begins by computing eigenvalues from the original 12-dimensional dataset and sorting them in descending order. The cumulative sum of these values is calculated, retaining principal components until 99.5% variance is achieved, effectively reducing dimensionality to 4 features while preserving critical information. This compressed representation trains a six-layer DNN where GOA optimizes the network architecture, overcoming backpropagation's limitations in discovering nonlinear relationships. This hybrid PCA-GOA-DNN framework compresses the data and trains a six-layer DNN that is optimized by GOA, enhancing both training efficiency and fault detection accuracy. The dataset used in this study is a real-world WSNs dataset developed by the University of North Carolina, which was used to evaluate the proposed method's performance. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our approach achieves a remarkable 99.72% classification accuracy, with exceptional precision and recall, outperforming conventional methods. The method is computationally efficient, making it suitable for large-scale WSN deployments, and represents a significant advancement in fault detection for resource-constrained WSNs.

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from MRI images with deep learning model

It is acknowledged that the most common cause of dementia worldwide is Alzheimer's disease (AD). This condition progresses in severity from mild to severe and interferes with people's everyday routines. Early diagnosis plays a critical role in patient care and clinical trials. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to create a framework for identifying specific disease features from MRI scans Classification of dementia involves approaches such as medical history review, neuropsychological tests, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the image dataset obtained from Kaggle faces a significant issue of class imbalance, which requires equal distribution of samples from each class to address. In this article, to address this imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is utilized. Furthermore, a pre-trained convolutional neural network has been applied to the DEMNET dementia network to extract key features from AD images. The proposed model achieved an impressive accuracy of 98.67%.

COVID-19 Diagnosis: ULGFBP-ResNet51 approach on the CT and the Chest X-ray Images Classification

The contagious and pandemic COVID-19 disease is currently considered as the main health concern and posed widespread panic across human-beings. It affects the human respiratory tract and lungs intensely. So that it has imposed significant threats for premature death. Although, its early diagnosis can play a vital role in revival phase, the radiography tests with the manual intervention are a time-consuming process. Time is also limited for such manual inspecting of numerous patients in the hospitals. Thus, the necessity of automatic diagnosis on the chest X-ray or the CT images with a high efficient performance is urgent. Toward this end, we propose a novel method, named as the ULGFBP-ResNet51 to tackle with the COVID-19 diagnosis in the images. In fact, this method includes Uniform Local Binary Pattern (ULBP), Gabor Filter (GF), and ResNet51. According to our results, this method could offer superior performance in comparison with the other methods, and attain maximum accuracy.

Resource Allocation for Secure Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency-Communication in IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) has a significant demand in society due to its features, and it is constantly improving. In the context of wireless technology, Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is one of the essential and challenging services in fifth-generation (5G) networks and beyond. The research on URLLC is still in its early stages due to its conflicting requirements, regarding high reliability and low latency. In this paper, we study the performance of secure short-packet communications and resource allocation in IoT systems. To this end, we investigate a health center automation, where the goal of the access point is to send critical messages to devices without eavesdropping. In this context, our goal is to maximize the weighted sum throughput and minimize the total transmit power, respectively. The problems of maximizing the weighted sum throughput, and minimizing the total transmit power are non-convex and hard to solve. To overcome this challenge, we use efficient mathematical techniques, such as the block coordinate descent (BCD) method and gradient ascent algorithm; we also use estimation methods such as Ralston, Heun, and forward-backward, in the derivative part of the gradient ascent algorithm. The simulation results show the performance advantages of the BCD algorithm and the gradient ascent in the short packet transmission scheme, also the simulation results show the superiority of the proposed methods in most cases.

Energy optimization for Full-Duplex Wireless-Powered IoT Networks using Rotary-Wing UAV with Multiple Antennas

In this paper, we propose a novel design for the rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled full-duplex (FD) wireless-powered Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In this network, the UAV is equipped with an antenna array, and the $K$ IoT sensors, which are distributed randomly, use single-antenna to communicate. By sending the energy, the UAV as a hybrid access point, charges the sensors and collects information from them. Then, to manage the time and optimize the energy, the sensors are divided into N groups, so that the UAV equipped with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology can serve the sensors in a group, during the total time $T$. We provide a simple implementation of the wireless power transfer protocol in the sensors by using the time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme to receive information from the users. In other words, the sensors of each group receive energy from the UAV, when it hovers over the sensors of the previous group, and also when the UAV flies over the previous group to the current group. The sensors of each group send their information to the UAV, when the UAV is hovering over their group. Under these assumptions, we formulate two optimization problems: a sum throughput maximization problem, and a total time minimization problem. Numerical results show that our proposed optimal network provides better performance than the existing networks. In fact, our novel design can serve more sensors at the cost of using more antennas compared to that of the conventional networks.

Automatic Micro-Expression Apex Frame Spotting using Local Binary Pattern from Six Intersection Planes

Facial expressions are one of the most effective ways for non-verbal communications, which can be expressed as the Micro-Expression (ME) in the high-stake situations. The MEs are involuntary, rapid, and, subtle, and they can reveal real human intentions. However, their feature extraction is very challenging due to their low intensity and very short duration. Although Local Binary Pattern from Three Orthogonal Plane (LBP-TOP) feature extractor is useful for the ME analysis, it does not consider essential information. To address this problem, we propose a new feature extractor called Local Binary Pattern from Six Intersection Planes (LBP-SIPl). This method extracts LBP code on six intersection planes, and then it combines them. Results show that the proposed method has superior performance in apex frame spotting automatically in comparison with the relevant methods on the CASME database. Simulation results show that, using the proposed method, the apex frame has been spotted in 43% of subjects in the CASME database, automatically. Also, the mean absolute error of 1.76 is achieved, using our novel proposed method.