Generalizable Resource Scaling of 5G Slices using Constrained Reinforcement Learning

Network slicing is a key enabler for 5G to support various applications. Slices requested by service providers (SPs) have heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as latency, throughput, and jitter. It is imperative that the 5G infrastructure provider (InP) allocates the right amount of resources depending on the slice's traffic, such that the specified QoS levels are maintained during the slice's lifetime while maximizing resource efficiency. However, there is a non-trivial relationship between the QoS and resource allocation. In this paper, this relationship is learned using a regression-based model. We also leverage a risk-constrained reinforcement learning agent that is trained offline using this model and domain randomization for dynamically scaling slice resources while maintaining the desired QoS level. Our novel approach reduces the effects of network modeling errors since it is model-free and does not require QoS metrics to be mathematically formulated in terms of traffic. In addition, it provides robustness against uncertain network conditions, generalizes to different real-world traffic patterns, and caters to various QoS metrics. The results show that the state-of-the-art approaches can lead to QoS degradation as high as 44.5% when tested on previously unseen traffic. On the other hand, our approach maintains the QoS degradation below a preset 10% threshold on such traffic, while minimizing the allocated resources. Additionally, we demonstrate that the proposed approach is robust against varying network conditions and inaccurate traffic predictions.