Invariant Scattering Transform for Medical Imaging

Invariant scattering transform introduces new area of research that merges the signal processing with deep learning for computer vision. Nowadays, Deep Learning algorithms are able to solve a variety of problems in medical sector. Medical images are used to detect diseases brain cancer or tumor, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, Parkinson's disease and many others. During pandemic back in 2020, machine learning and deep learning has played a critical role to detect COVID-19 which included mutation analysis, prediction, diagnosis and decision making. Medical images like X-ray, MRI known as magnetic resonance imaging, CT scans are used for detecting diseases. There is another method in deep learning for medical imaging which is scattering transform. It builds useful signal representation for image classification. It is a wavelet technique; which is impactful for medical image classification problems. This research article discusses scattering transform as the efficient system for medical image analysis where it's figured by scattering the signal information implemented in a deep convolutional network. A step by step case study is manifested at this research work.

AutoML Systems For Medical Imaging

The integration of machine learning in medical image analysis can greatly enhance the quality of healthcare provided by physicians. The combination of human expertise and computerized systems can result in improved diagnostic accuracy. An automated machine learning approach simplifies the creation of custom image recognition models by utilizing neural architecture search and transfer learning techniques. Medical imaging techniques are used to non-invasively create images of internal organs and body parts for diagnostic and procedural purposes. This article aims to highlight the potential applications, strategies, and techniques of AutoML in medical imaging through theoretical and empirical evidence.

Case Studies on X-Ray Imaging, MRI and Nuclear Imaging

The field of medical imaging is an essential aspect of the medical sciences, involving various forms of radiation to capture images of the internal tissues and organs of the body. These images provide vital information for clinical diagnosis, and in this chapter, we will explore the use of X-ray, MRI, and nuclear imaging in detecting severe illnesses. However, manual evaluation and storage of these images can be a challenging and time-consuming process. To address this issue, artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques, particularly deep learning (DL), have become increasingly popular for systematic feature extraction and classification from imaging modalities, thereby aiding doctors in making rapid and accurate diagnoses. In this review study, we will focus on how AI-based approaches, particularly the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), can assist in disease detection through medical imaging technology. CNN is a commonly used approach for image analysis due to its ability to extract features from raw input images, and as such, will be the primary area of discussion in this study. Therefore, we have considered CNN as our discussion area in this study to diagnose ailments using medical imaging technology.

Online learning for X-ray, CT or MRI

Medical imaging plays an important role in the medical sector in identifying diseases. X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are a few examples of medical imaging. Most of the time, these imaging techniques are utilized to examine and diagnose diseases. Medical professionals identify the problem after analyzing the images. However, manual identification can be challenging because the human eye is not always able to recognize complex patterns in an image. Because of this, it is difficult for any professional to recognize a disease with rapidity and accuracy. In recent years, medical professionals have started adopting Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems to evaluate medical images. This system can analyze the image and detect the disease very precisely and quickly. However, this system has certain drawbacks in that it needs to be processed before analysis. Medical research is already entered a new era of research which is called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI can automatically find complex patterns from an image and identify diseases. Methods for medical imaging that uses AI techniques will be covered in this chapter.

Generative Adversarial Networks for Data Augmentation

One way to expand the available dataset for training AI models in the medical field is through the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for data augmentation. GANs work by employing a generator network to create new data samples that are then assessed by a discriminator network to determine their similarity to real samples. The discriminator network is taught to differentiate between actual and synthetic samples, while the generator system is trained to generate data that closely resemble real ones. The process is repeated until the generator network can produce synthetic data that is indistinguishable from genuine data. GANs have been utilized in medical image analysis for various tasks, including data augmentation, image creation, and domain adaptation. They can generate synthetic samples that can be used to increase the available dataset, especially in cases where obtaining large amounts of genuine data is difficult or unethical. However, it is essential to note that the use of GANs in medical imaging is still an active area of research to ensure that the produced images are of high quality and suitable for use in clinical settings.

Active Learning on Medical Image

The development of medical science greatly depends on the increased utilization of machine learning algorithms. By incorporating machine learning, the medical imaging field can significantly improve in terms of the speed and accuracy of the diagnostic process. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray imaging, ultrasound imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) are the most commonly used types of imaging data in the diagnosis process, and machine learning can aid in detecting diseases at an early stage. However, training machine learning models with limited annotated medical image data poses a challenge. The majority of medical image datasets have limited data, which can impede the pattern-learning process of machine-learning algorithms. Additionally, the lack of labeled data is another critical issue for machine learning. In this context, active learning techniques can be employed to address the challenge of limited annotated medical image data. Active learning involves iteratively selecting the most informative samples from a large pool of unlabeled data for annotation by experts. By actively selecting the most relevant and informative samples, active learning reduces the reliance on large amounts of labeled data and maximizes the model's learning capacity with minimal human labeling effort. By incorporating active learning into the training process, medical imaging machine learning models can make more efficient use of the available labeled data, improving their accuracy and performance. This approach allows medical professionals to focus their efforts on annotating the most critical cases, while the machine learning model actively learns from these annotated samples to improve its diagnostic capabilities.

Introduction to Medical Imaging Informatics

Medical imaging informatics is a rapidly growing field that combines the principles of medical imaging and informatics to improve the acquisition, management, and interpretation of medical images. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of medical imaging informatics, including image processing, feature engineering, and machine learning. It also discusses the recent advancements in computer vision and deep learning technologies and how they are used to develop new quantitative image markers and prediction models for disease detection, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction. By covering the basic knowledge of medical imaging informatics, this chapter provides a foundation for understanding the role of informatics in medicine and its potential impact on patient care.

Introduction of Medical Imaging Modalities

The diagnosis and treatment of various diseases had been expedited with the help of medical imaging. Different medical imaging modalities, including X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Nuclear Imaging, Ultrasound, Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), and Emerging Technologies for in vivo imaging modalities is presented in this chapter, in addition to these modalities, some advanced techniques such as contrast-enhanced MRI, MR approaches for osteoarthritis, Cardiovascular Imaging, and Medical Imaging data mining and search. Despite its important role and potential effectiveness as a diagnostic tool, reading and interpreting medical images by radiologists is often tedious and difficult due to the large heterogeneity of diseases and the limitation of image quality or resolution. Besides the introduction and discussion of the basic principles, typical clinical applications, advantages, and limitations of each modality used in current clinical practice, this chapter also highlights the importance of emerging technologies in medical imaging and the role of data mining and search aiming to support translational clinical research, improve patient care, and increase the efficiency of the healthcare system.