Advancing Remote and Continuous Cardiovascular Patient Monitoring through a Novel and Resource-efficient IoT-Driven Framework

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of fatalities worldwide, often occurring suddenly with limited time for intervention. Current healthcare monitoring systems for cardiac patients rely heavily on hospitalization, which can be impractical for continuous monitoring. This paper presents a novel IoT-based solution for remote, real-time tracking of critical cardiac metrics, addressing the pressing need for accessible and continuous healthcare, particularly for the aging population in Pakistan. The proposed IoT kit measures essential parameters such as body temperature, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation (SPO2), and electrocardiography (ECG). A key innovation of the system is its integration with a cloud-based application, enabling constant remote monitoring and incorporating an alarm mechanism to alert medical professionals for timely intervention, reducing the risk of catastrophic incidents. The system was tested in a clinical environment with 20 participants, demonstrating results closely aligned with those obtained using standard medical devices. The findings validate the system's potential for reliable remote monitoring, offering a significant step forward in proactive cardiac healthcare management. This novel approach combines IoT technology with cloud-based applications to provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for reducing unexpected fatalities among cardiac patients.

Deep Learning in Early Alzheimers diseases Detection: A Comprehensive Survey of Classification, Segmentation, and Feature Extraction Methods

Alzheimers disease is a deadly neurological condition, impairing important memory and brain functions. Alzheimers disease promotes brain shrinkage, ultimately leading to dementia. Dementia diagnosis typically takes 2.8 to 4.4 years after the first clinical indication. Advancements in computing and information technology have led to many techniques of studying Alzheimers disease. Early identification and therapy are crucial for preventing Alzheimers disease, as early-onset dementia hits people before the age of 65, while late-onset dementia occurs after this age. According to the 2015 World Alzheimers disease Report, there are 46.8 million individuals worldwide suffering from dementia, with an anticipated 74.7 million more by 2030 and 131.5 million by 2050. Deep Learning has outperformed conventional Machine Learning techniques by identifying intricate structures in high-dimensional data. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), have achieved an accuracy of up to 96.0% for Alzheimers disease classification, and 84.2% for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conversion prediction. There have been few literature surveys available on applying ML to predict dementia, lacking in congenital observations. However, this survey has focused on a specific data channel for dementia detection. This study evaluated Deep Learning algorithms for early Alzheimers disease detection, using openly accessible datasets, feature segmentation, and classification methods. This article also has identified research gaps and limits in detecting Alzheimers disease, which can inform future research.

A Multi-Scale Feature Extraction and Fusion Deep Learning Method for Classification of Wheat Diseases

Wheat is an important source of dietary fiber and protein that is negatively impacted by a number of risks to its growth. The difficulty of identifying and classifying wheat diseases is discussed with an emphasis on wheat loose smut, leaf rust, and crown and root rot. Addressing conditions like crown and root rot, this study introduces an innovative approach that integrates multi-scale feature extraction with advanced image segmentation techniques to enhance classification accuracy. The proposed method uses neural network models Xception, Inception V3, and ResNet 50 to train on a large wheat disease classification dataset 2020 in conjunction with an ensemble of machine vision classifiers, including voting and stacking. The study shows that the suggested methodology has a superior accuracy of 99.75% in the classification of wheat diseases when compared to current state-of-the-art approaches. A deep learning ensemble model Xception showed the highest accuracy.