Energy-Efficient Real-Time Heart Monitoring on Edge-Fog-Cloud Internet-of-Medical-Things

The recent developments in wearable devices and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) allow real-time monitoring and recording of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, continuous monitoring of ECG signals is challenging in low-power wearable devices due to energy and memory constraints. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel and energy-efficient methodology for continuously monitoring the heart for low-power wearable devices. The proposed methodology is composed of three different layers: 1) a Noise/Artifact detection layer to grade the quality of the ECG signals; 2) a Normal/Abnormal beat classification layer to detect the anomalies in the ECG signals, and 3) an Abnormal beat classification layer to detect diseases from ECG signals. Moreover, a distributed multi-output Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture is used to decrease the energy consumption and latency between the edge-fog/cloud. Our methodology reaches an accuracy of 99.2% on the well-known MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset. Evaluation on real hardware shows that our methodology is suitable for devices having a minimum RAM of 32KB. Moreover, the proposed methodology achieves $7\times$ more energy efficiency compared to state-of-the-art works.