Optimisation of SOUP-GAN and CSR-GAN for High Resolution MR Images Reconstruction

Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is a diagnostic tool used in modern medicine; however, its output can be affected by motion artefacts and may be limited by equipment. This research focuses on MRI image quality enhancement using two efficient Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) models: SOUP-GAN and CSR-GAN. In both models, meaningful architectural modifications were introduced. The generator and discriminator of each were further deepened by adding convolutional layers and were enhanced in filter sizes as well. The LeakyReLU activation function was used to improve gradient flow, and hyperparameter tuning strategies were applied, including a reduced learning rate and an optimal batch size. Moreover, spectral normalisation was proposed to address mode collapse and improve training stability. The experiment shows that CSR-GAN has better performance in reconstructing the image with higher frequency details and reducing noise compared to other methods, with an optimised PSNR of 34.6 and SSIM of 0.89. However, SOUP-GAN performed the best in terms of delivering less noisy images with good structures, achieving a PSNR of 34.4 and SSIM of 0.83. The obtained results indicate that the proposed enhanced GAN model can be a useful tool for MR image quality improvement for subsequent better disease diagnostics.

Benchmarking Vanilla GAN, DCGAN, and WGAN Architectures for MRI Reconstruction: A Quantitative Analysis

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a crucial imaging modality for viewing internal body structures. This research work analyses the performance of popular GAN models for accurate and precise MRI reconstruction by enhancing image quality and improving diagnostic accuracy. Three GAN architectures considered in this study are Vanilla GAN, Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN), and Wasserstein GAN (WGAN). They were trained and evaluated using knee, brain, and cardiac MRI datasets to assess their generalizability across body regions. While the Vanilla GAN operates on the fundamentals of the adversarial network setup, DCGAN advances image synthesis by securing the convolutional layers, giving a superior appearance to the prevalent spatial features. Training instability is resolved in WGAN through the Wasserstein distance to minimize an unstable regime, therefore, ensuring stable convergence and high-quality images. The GAN models were trained and tested using 1000 MR images of an anonymized knee, 805 images of Heart, 90 images of Brain MRI dataset. The Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) for Vanilla GAN is 0.84, DCGAN is 0.97, and WGAN is 0.99. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for Vanilla GAN is 26, DCGAN is 49.3, and WGAN is 43.5. The results were further statistically validated. This study shows that DCGAN and WGAN-based frameworks are promising in MR image reconstruction because of good image quality and superior accuracy. With the first cross-organ benchmark of baseline GANs under a common preprocessing pipeline, this work provides a reproducible benchmark for future hybrid GANs and clinical MRI applications.

Detection and Forecasting of Parkinson Disease Progression from Speech Signal Features Using MultiLayer Perceptron and LSTM

Accurate diagnosis of Parkinson disease, especially in its early stages, can be a challenging task. The application of machine learning techniques helps improve the diagnostic accuracy of Parkinson disease detection but only few studies have presented work towards the prediction of disease progression. In this research work, Long Short Term Memory LSTM was trained using the diagnostic features on Parkinson patients speech signals, to predict the disease progression while a Multilayer Perceptron MLP was trained on the same diagnostic features to detect the disease. Diagnostic features selected using two well-known feature selection methods named Relief-F and Sequential Forward Selection and applied on LSTM and MLP have shown to accurately predict the disease progression as stage 2 and 3 and its existence respectively.

Radiomic feature selection for lung cancer classifiers

Machine learning methods with quantitative imaging features integration have recently gained a lot of attention for lung nodule classification. However, there is a dearth of studies in the literature on effective features ranking methods for classification purpose. Moreover, optimal number of features required for the classification task also needs to be evaluated. In this study, we investigate the impact of supervised and unsupervised feature selection techniques on machine learning methods for nodule classification in Computed Tomography (CT) images. The research work explores the classification performance of Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine(SVM) when trained with 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 highly ranked features from supervised and unsupervised ranking approaches. The best classification results were achieved using SVM trained with 8 radiomic features selected from supervised feature ranking methods and the accuracy was 100%. The study further revealed that very good nodule classification can be achieved by training any of the SVM or Naive Bayes with a fewer radiomic features. A periodic increment in the number of radiomic features from 2 to 20 did not improve the classification results whether the selection was made using supervised or unsupervised ranking approaches.