Analysis and Mortality Prediction using Multiclass Classification for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Designing proper treatment plans to manage diabetes requires health practitioners to pay heed to the individuals remaining life along with the comorbidities affecting them. Older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are prone to experience premature death or even hypoglycaemia. The structured dataset utilized has 68 potential mortality predictors for 275,190 diabetic U.S. military Veterans aged 65 years or older. A new target variable is invented by combining the two original target variables. Outliers are handled by discretizing the continuous variables. Categorical variables have been dummy encoded. Class balancing is achieved by random under-sampling. A benchmark regression model is built using Multinomial Logistic Regression with LASSO. Chi-Squared and Information Gain are the filter-based feature selection techniques utilized. Classifiers such as Multinomial Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and One-vs-Rest classifier are employed to build various models. Contrary to expectations, all the models have constantly underperformed. XGBoost has given the highest accuracy of 53.03 percent with Chi-Squared feature selection. All the models have consistently shown an acceptable performance for Class 3 (remaining life is more than 10 years), significantly low for Class 1 (remaining life is up to 5 years), and the worst for Class 2 (remaining life is more than 5 but up to 10 years). Features analysis has deduced that almost all input variables are associated with multiple target classes. The high dimensionality of the input data after dummy encoding seems to have confused the models, leading to misclassifications. The approach taken in this study is ineffective in producing a high-performing predictive model but lays a foundation as this problem has never been viewed from a multiclass classification perspective.

Large Scale Global Optimization by Hybrid Evolutionary Computation

In management, business, economics, science, engineering, and research domains, Large Scale Global Optimization (LSGO) plays a predominant and vital role. Though LSGO is applied in many of the application domains, it is a very troublesome and a perverse task. The Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) began an LSGO competition to come up with algorithms with a bunch of standard benchmark unconstrained LSGO functions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm, which combines an Improved and Modified Harmony Search (IMHS), along with a Modified Differential Evolution (MDE) with an alternate selection strategy. Harmony Search (HS) does the job of exploration and exploitation, and Differential Evolution does the job of giving a perturbation to the exploration of IMHS, as harmony search suffers from being stuck at the basin of local optimal. To judge the performance of the suggested algorithm, we compare the proposed algorithm with ten excellent meta-heuristic algorithms on fifteen LSGO benchmark functions, which have 1000 continuous decision variables, of the CEC 2013 LSGO special session. The experimental results consistently show that our proposed hybrid meta-heuristic performs statistically on par with some algorithms in a few problems, while it turned out to be the best in a couple of problems.