Kaleidoscope Gallery: Exploring Ethics and Generative AI Through Art

Ethical theories and Generative AI (GenAI) models are dynamic concepts subject to continuous evolution. This paper investigates the visualization of ethics through a subset of GenAI models. We expand on the emerging field of Visual Ethics, using art as a form of critical inquiry and the metaphor of a kaleidoscope to invoke moral imagination. Through formative interviews with 10 ethics experts, we first establish a foundation of ethical theories. Our analysis reveals five families of ethical theories, which we then transform into images using the text-to-image (T2I) GenAI model. The resulting imagery, curated as Kaleidoscope Gallery and evaluated by the same experts, revealed eight themes that highlight how morality, society, and learned associations are central to ethical theories. We discuss implications for critically examining T2I models and present cautions and considerations. This work contributes to examining ethical theories as foundational knowledge that interrogates GenAI models as socio-technical systems.

MOSAAIC: Managing Optimization towards Shared Autonomy, Authority, and Initiative in Co-creation

Striking the appropriate balance between humans and co-creative AI is an open research question in computational creativity. Co-creativity, a form of hybrid intelligence where both humans and AI take action proactively, is a process that leads to shared creative artifacts and ideas. Achieving a balanced dynamic in co-creativity requires characterizing control and identifying strategies to distribute control between humans and AI. We define control as the power to determine, initiate, and direct the process of co-creation. Informed by a systematic literature review of 172 full-length papers, we introduce MOSAAIC (Managing Optimization towards Shared Autonomy, Authority, and Initiative in Co-creation), a novel framework for characterizing and balancing control in co-creation. MOSAAIC identifies three key dimensions of control: autonomy, initiative, and authority. We supplement our framework with control optimization strategies in co-creation. To demonstrate MOSAAIC's applicability, we analyze the distribution of control in six existing co-creative AI case studies and present the implications of using this framework.

Artistic Autonomy in AI Art

The concept of art has transposed meaning and medium across time, with its context being a deciding factor for its evolution. However, human beings' innermost functionality remains the same, and art, to this day, serves as an expression of the subconscious. Accelerated by the conception of GANs in 2014, automation has become a central medium in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Art. However, this raises concern over AI's influence on artistic autonomy within the process of creativity. This paper introduces the ethical responsibility of AI towards maintaining the artist's volition in exercising autonomy and utilizes principles of self-determination theory alongside fundamental limits of creativity to do so.