Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in vision and visual-language tasks within the natural image domain. Owing to the significant diversities between the natural image and RS image hinder the development of MLLMs in the remote sensing (RS) domain. Currently, the unified and powerful MLLM capable of various RS visual tasks is still under-explored. To fill the gap, a pioneer MLLM called EarthGPT is proposed for universal RS image comprehension, which integrates various multi-sensor RS interpretation tasks uniformly. More importantly, a large-scale multi-sensor multi-modal RS instruction-following dataset named MMRS is carefully constructed, which comprises 1005.842k image-text pairs based on 34 existing diverse RS datasets and includes multi-sensor images such as optical, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and infrared. The MMRS addresses the issue of MLLMs lacking RS expert knowledge and stimulates the development of MMLMs in the RS domain. Extensive experiments demonstrate the EarthGPT's superior performance in various RS visual interpretation tasks compared with the other specialist models and MLLMs, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed EarthGPT and provides a versatile paradigm for open-set reasoning tasks.
Large-scale text-to-image generative models have made impressive strides, showcasing their ability to synthesize a vast array of high-quality images. However, adapting these models for artistic image editing presents two significant challenges. Firstly, users struggle to craft textual prompts that meticulously detail visual elements of the input image. Secondly, prevalent models, when effecting modifications in specific zones, frequently disrupt the overall artistic style, complicating the attainment of cohesive and aesthetically unified artworks. To surmount these obstacles, we build the innovative unified framework CreativeSynth, which is based on a diffusion model with the ability to coordinate multimodal inputs and multitask in the field of artistic image generation. By integrating multimodal features with customized attention mechanisms, CreativeSynth facilitates the importation of real-world semantic content into the domain of art through inversion and real-time style transfer. This allows for the precise manipulation of image style and content while maintaining the integrity of the original model parameters. Rigorous qualitative and quantitative evaluations underscore that CreativeSynth excels in enhancing artistic images' fidelity and preserves their innate aesthetic essence. By bridging the gap between generative models and artistic finesse, CreativeSynth becomes a custom digital palette.
Feature attribution methods (FAs), such as gradients and attention, are widely employed approaches to derive the importance of all input features to the model predictions. Existing work in natural language processing has mostly focused on developing and testing FAs for encoder-only language models (LMs) in classification tasks. However, it is unknown if it is faithful to use these FAs for decoder-only models on text generation, due to the inherent differences between model architectures and task settings respectively. Moreover, previous work has demonstrated that there is no `one-wins-all' FA across models and tasks. This makes the selection of a FA computationally expensive for large LMs since input importance derivation often requires multiple forward and backward passes including gradient computations that might be prohibitive even with access to large compute. To address these issues, we present a model-agnostic FA for generative LMs called Recursive Attribution Generator (ReAGent). Our method updates the token importance distribution in a recursive manner. For each update, we compute the difference in the probability distribution over the vocabulary for predicting the next token between using the original input and using a modified version where a part of the input is replaced with RoBERTa predictions. Our intuition is that replacing an important token in the context should have resulted in a larger change in the model's confidence in predicting the token than replacing an unimportant token. Our method can be universally applied to any generative LM without accessing internal model weights or additional training and fine-tuning, as most other FAs require. We extensively compare the faithfulness of ReAGent with seven popular FAs across six decoder-only LMs of various sizes. The results show that our method consistently provides more faithful token importance distributions.
Although numerous recent studies have suggested new frameworks for zero-shot TTS using large-scale, real-world data, studies that focus on the intelligibility of zero-shot TTS are relatively scarce. Zero-shot TTS demands additional efforts to ensure clear pronunciation and speech quality due to its inherent requirement of replacing a core parameter (speaker embedding or acoustic prompt) with a new one at the inference stage. In this study, we propose a zero-shot TTS model focused on intelligibility, which we refer to as Intelli-Z. Intelli-Z learns speaker embeddings by using multi-speaker TTS as its teacher and is trained with a cycle-consistency loss to include mismatched text-speech pairs for training. Additionally, it selectively aggregates speaker embeddings along the temporal dimension to minimize the interference of the text content of reference speech at the inference stage. We substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed methods with an ablation study. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) increases by 9% for unseen speakers when the first two methods are applied, and it further improves by 16% when selective temporal aggregation is applied.
Human dance generation (HDG) aims to synthesize realistic videos from images and sequences of driving poses. Despite great success, existing methods are limited to generating videos of a single person with specific backgrounds, while the generalizability for real-world scenarios with multiple persons and complex backgrounds remains unclear. To systematically measure the generalizability of HDG models, we introduce a new task, dataset, and evaluation protocol of compositional human dance generation (cHDG). Evaluating the state-of-the-art methods on cHDG, we empirically find that they fail to generalize to real-world scenarios. To tackle the issue, we propose a novel zero-shot framework, dubbed MultiDance-Zero, that can synthesize videos consistent with arbitrary multiple persons and background while precisely following the driving poses. Specifically, in contrast to straightforward DDIM or null-text inversion, we first present a pose-aware inversion method to obtain the noisy latent code and initialization text embeddings, which can accurately reconstruct the composed reference image. Since directly generating videos from them will lead to severe appearance inconsistency, we propose a compositional augmentation strategy to generate augmented images and utilize them to optimize a set of generalizable text embeddings. In addition, consistency-guided sampling is elaborated to encourage the background and keypoints of the estimated clean image at each reverse step to be close to those of the reference image, further improving the temporal consistency of generated videos. Extensive qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach.
Using large training datasets enhances the generalization capabilities of neural networks. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is useful when there are few labeled data and a lot of unlabeled data. SSL methods that use data augmentation are most successful for image datasets. In contrast, texts do not have consistent augmentation methods as images. Consequently, methods that use augmentation are not as effective in text data as they are in image data. In this study, we compared SSL algorithms that do not require augmentation; these are self-training, co-training, tri-training, and tri-training with disagreement. In the experiments, we used 4 different text datasets for different tasks. We examined the algorithms from a variety of perspectives by asking experiment questions and suggested several improvements. Among the algorithms, tri-training with disagreement showed the closest performance to the Oracle; however, performance gap shows that new semi-supervised algorithms or improvements in existing methods are needed.
Recent studies of the emergent capabilities of transformer-based Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models have indicated that they have an understanding of lexical and compositional semantics. We provide evidence that suggests these claims should be taken with a grain of salt: we find that state-of-the-art Natural Language Inference (NLI) models are sensitive towards minor semantics preserving surface-form variations, which lead to sizable inconsistent model decisions during inference. Notably, this behaviour differs from valid and in-depth comprehension of compositional semantics, however does neither emerge when evaluating model accuracy on standard benchmarks nor when probing for syntactic, monotonic, and logically robust reasoning. We propose a novel framework to measure the extent of semantic sensitivity. To this end, we evaluate NLI models on adversarially generated examples containing minor semantics-preserving surface-form input noise. This is achieved using conditional text generation, with the explicit condition that the NLI model predicts the relationship between the original and adversarial inputs as a symmetric equivalence entailment. We systematically study the effects of the phenomenon across NLI models for $\textbf{in-}$ and $\textbf{out-of-}$ domain settings. Our experiments show that semantic sensitivity causes performance degradations of $12.92\%$ and $23.71\%$ average over $\textbf{in-}$ and $\textbf{out-of-}$ domain settings, respectively. We further perform ablation studies, analysing this phenomenon across models, datasets, and variations in inference and show that semantic sensitivity can lead to major inconsistency within model predictions.
Photo search, the task of retrieving images based on textual queries, has witnessed significant advancements with the introduction of CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) model. CLIP leverages a vision-language pre training approach, wherein it learns a shared representation space for images and text, enabling cross-modal understanding. This model demonstrates the capability to understand the semantic relationships between diverse image and text pairs, allowing for efficient and accurate retrieval of images based on natural language queries. By training on a large-scale dataset containing images and their associated textual descriptions, CLIP achieves remarkable generalization, providing a powerful tool for tasks such as zero-shot learning and few-shot classification. This abstract summarizes the foundational principles of CLIP and highlights its potential impact on advancing the field of photo search, fostering a seamless integration of natural language understanding and computer vision for improved information retrieval in multimedia applications
Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to high-quality Machine-Generated Text (MGT), giving rise to countless new use cases and applications. However, easy access to LLMs is posing new challenges due to misuse. To address malicious usage, researchers have released datasets to effectively train models on MGT-related tasks. Similar strategies are used to compile these datasets, but no tool currently unifies them. In this scenario, we introduce TextMachina, a modular and extensible Python framework, designed to aid in the creation of high-quality, unbiased datasets to build robust models for MGT-related tasks such as detection, attribution, or boundary detection. It provides a user-friendly pipeline that abstracts away the inherent intricacies of building MGT datasets, such as LLM integrations, prompt templating, and bias mitigation. The quality of the datasets generated by TextMachina has been assessed in previous works, including shared tasks where more than one hundred teams trained robust MGT detectors.
Representing textual information as real-numbered embeddings has become the norm in NLP. Moreover, with the rise of public interest in large language models (LLMs), Embeddings as a Service (EaaS) has rapidly gained traction as a business model. This is not without outstanding security risks, as previous research has demonstrated that sensitive data can be reconstructed from embeddings, even without knowledge of the underlying model that generated them. However, such work is limited by its sole focus on English, leaving all other languages vulnerable to attacks by malicious actors. %As many international and multilingual companies leverage EaaS, there is an urgent need for research into multilingual LLM security. To this end, this work investigates LLM security from the perspective of multilingual embedding inversion. Concretely, we define the problem of black-box multilingual and cross-lingual inversion attacks, with special attention to a cross-domain scenario. Our findings reveal that multilingual models are potentially more vulnerable to inversion attacks than their monolingual counterparts. This stems from the reduced data requirements for achieving comparable inversion performance in settings where the underlying language is not known a-priori. To our knowledge, this work is the first to delve into multilinguality within the context of inversion attacks, and our findings highlight the need for further investigation and enhanced defenses in the area of NLP Security.