Thermal imaging has numerous advantages over regular visible-range imaging since it performs well in low-light circumstances. Super-Resolution approaches can broaden their usefulness by replicating accurate high-resolution thermal pictures using measurements from low-cost, low-resolution thermal sensors. Because of the spectral range mismatch between the images, Guided Super-Resolution of thermal images utilizing visible range images is difficult. However, In case of failure to capture Visible Range Images can prevent the operations of applications in critical areas. We present a novel data fusion framework and regularization technique for Guided Super Resolution of Thermal images. The proposed architecture is computationally in-expensive and lightweight with the ability to maintain performance despite missing one of the modalities, i.e., high-resolution RGB image or the lower-resolution thermal image, and is designed to be robust in the presence of missing data. The proposed method presents a promising solution to the frequently occurring problem of missing modalities in a real-world scenario. Code is available at https://github.com/Kasliwal17/CoReFusion .
The automatic pill recognition system is of great significance in improving the efficiency of the hospital, helping people with visual impairment, and avoiding cross-infection. However, most existing pill recognition systems based on deep learning can merely perform pill classification on the learned pill categories with sufficient training data. In practice, the expensive cost of data annotation and the continuously increasing categories of new pills make it meaningful to develop a few-shot class-incremental pill recognition system. In this paper, we develop the first few-shot class-incremental pill recognition system, which adopts decoupled learning strategy of representations and classifiers. In learning representations, we propose the novel Center-Triplet loss function, which can promote intra-class compactness and inter-class separability. In learning classifiers, we propose a specialized pseudo pill image construction strategy to train the Graph Attention Network to obtain the adaptation model. Moreover, we construct two new pill image datasets for few-shot class-incremental learning. The experimental results show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
We present a new generalizable NeRF method that is able to directly generalize to new unseen scenarios and perform novel view synthesis with as few as two source views. The key to our approach lies in the explicitly modeled correspondence matching information, so as to provide the geometry prior to the prediction of NeRF color and density for volume rendering. The explicit correspondence matching is quantified with the cosine similarity between image features sampled at the 2D projections of a 3D point on different views, which is able to provide reliable cues about the surface geometry. Unlike previous methods where image features are extracted independently for each view, we consider modeling the cross-view interactions via Transformer cross-attention, which greatly improves the feature matching quality. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results on different evaluation settings, with the experiments showing a strong correlation between our learned cosine feature similarity and volume density, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method. Code is at https://github.com/donydchen/matchnerf
Image-text pretrained models, e.g., CLIP, have shown impressive general multi-modal knowledge learned from large-scale image-text data pairs, thus attracting increasing attention for their potential to improve visual representation learning in the video domain. In this paper, based on the CLIP model, we revisit temporal modeling in the context of image-to-video knowledge transferring, which is the key point for extending image-text pretrained models to the video domain. We find that current temporal modeling mechanisms are tailored to either high-level semantic-dominant tasks (e.g., retrieval) or low-level visual pattern-dominant tasks (e.g., recognition), and fail to work on the two cases simultaneously. The key difficulty lies in modeling temporal dependency while taking advantage of both high-level and low-level knowledge in CLIP model. To tackle this problem, we present Spatial-Temporal Auxiliary Network (STAN) -- a simple and effective temporal modeling mechanism extending CLIP model to diverse video tasks. Specifically, to realize both low-level and high-level knowledge transferring, STAN adopts a branch structure with decomposed spatial-temporal modules that enable multi-level CLIP features to be spatial-temporally contextualized. We evaluate our method on two representative video tasks: Video-Text Retrieval and Video Recognition. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our model over the state-of-the-art methods on various datasets, including MSR-VTT, DiDeMo, LSMDC, MSVD, Kinetics-400, and Something-Something-V2. Codes will be available at https://github.com/farewellthree/STAN
Machine learning has recently made significant strides in reducing design cycle time for complex products. Ship design, which currently involves years long cycles and small batch production, could greatly benefit from these advancements. By developing a machine learning tool for ship design that learns from the design of many different types of ships, tradeoffs in ship design could be identified and optimized. However, the lack of publicly available ship design datasets currently limits the potential for leveraging machine learning in generalized ship design. To address this gap, this paper presents a large dataset of thirty thousand ship hulls, each with design and functional performance information, including parameterization, mesh, point cloud, and image representations, as well as thirty two hydrodynamic drag measures under different operating conditions. The dataset is structured to allow human input and is also designed for computational methods. Additionally, the paper introduces a set of twelve ship hulls from publicly available CAD repositories to showcase the proposed parameterizations ability to accurately reconstruct existing hulls. A surrogate model was developed to predict the thirty two wave drag coefficients, which was then implemented in a genetic algorithm case study to reduce the total drag of a hull by sixty percent while maintaining the shape of the hulls cross section and the length of the parallel midbody. Our work provides a comprehensive dataset and application examples for other researchers to use in advancing data driven ship design.
The success of deep learning is frequently described as the ability to train all parameters of a network on a specific application in an end-to-end fashion. Yet, several design choices on the camera level, including the pixel layout of the sensor, are considered as pre-defined and fixed, and high resolution, regular pixel layouts are considered to be the most generic ones in computer vision and graphics, treating all regions of an image as equally important. While several works have considered non-uniform, \eg, hexagonal or foveated, pixel layouts in hardware and image processing, the layout has not been integrated into the end-to-end learning paradigm so far. In this work, we present the first truly end-to-end trained imaging pipeline that optimizes the size and distribution of pixels on the imaging sensor jointly with the parameters of a given neural network on a specific task. We derive an analytic, differentiable approach for the sensor layout parameterization that allows for task-specific, local varying pixel resolutions. We present two pixel layout parameterization functions: rectangular and curvilinear grid shapes that retain a regular topology. We provide a drop-in module that approximates sensor simulation given existing high-resolution images to directly connect our method with existing deep learning models. We show that network predictions benefit from learnable pixel layouts for two different downstream tasks, classification and semantic segmentation.
We study learning object segmentation from unlabeled videos. Humans can easily segment moving objects without knowing what they are. The Gestalt law of common fate, i.e., what move at the same speed belong together, has inspired unsupervised object discovery based on motion segmentation. However, common fate is not a reliable indicator of objectness: Parts of an articulated / deformable object may not move at the same speed, whereas shadows / reflections of an object always move with it but are not part of it. Our insight is to bootstrap objectness by first learning image features from relaxed common fate and then refining them based on visual appearance grouping within the image itself and across images statistically. Specifically, we learn an image segmenter first in the loop of approximating optical flow with constant segment flow plus small within-segment residual flow, and then by refining it for more coherent appearance and statistical figure-ground relevance. On unsupervised video object segmentation, using only ResNet and convolutional heads, our model surpasses the state-of-the-art by absolute gains of 7/9/5% on DAVIS16 / STv2 / FBMS59 respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of our ideas. Our code is publicly available.
Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently achieved promising performance for 3D medical image segmentation tasks. Most current methods follow existing SSL paradigm originally designed for photographic or natural images, which cannot explicitly and thoroughly exploit the intrinsic similar anatomical structures across varying medical images. This may in fact degrade the quality of learned deep representations by maximizing the similarity among features containing spatial misalignment information and different anatomical semantics. In this work, we propose a new self-supervised learning framework, namely Alice, that explicitly fulfills Anatomical invariance modeling and semantic alignment via elaborately combining discriminative and generative objectives. Alice introduces a new contrastive learning strategy which encourages the similarity between views that are diversely mined but with consistent high-level semantics, in order to learn invariant anatomical features. Moreover, we design a conditional anatomical feature alignment module to complement corrupted embeddings with globally matched semantics and inter-patch topology information, conditioned by the distribution of local image content, which permits to create better contrastive pairs. Our extensive quantitative experiments on two public 3D medical image segmentation benchmarks of FLARE 2022 and BTCV demonstrate and validate the performance superiority of Alice, surpassing the previous best SSL counterpart methods by 2.11% and 1.77% in Dice coefficients, respectively.
Given the prevalence of 3D medical imaging technologies such as MRI and CT that are widely used in diagnosing and treating diverse diseases, 3D segmentation is one of the fundamental tasks of medical image analysis. Recently, Transformer-based models have started to achieve state-of-the-art performances across many vision tasks, through pre-training on large-scale natural image benchmark datasets. While works on medical image analysis have also begun to explore Transformer-based models, there is currently no optimal strategy to effectively leverage pre-trained Transformers, primarily due to the difference in dimensionality between 2D natural images and 3D medical images. Existing solutions either split 3D images into 2D slices and predict each slice independently, thereby losing crucial depth-wise information, or modify the Transformer architecture to support 3D inputs without leveraging pre-trained weights. In this work, we use a simple yet effective weight inflation strategy to adapt pre-trained Transformers from 2D to 3D, retaining the benefit of both transfer learning and depth information. We further investigate the effectiveness of transfer from different pre-training sources and objectives. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performances across a broad range of 3D medical image datasets, and can become a standard strategy easily utilized by all work on Transformer-based models for 3D medical images, to maximize performance.
Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning (ML) approach that allows data to be trained without being centralized. This approach is particularly beneficial for medical applications because it addresses some key challenges associated with medical data, such as privacy, security, and data ownership. On top of that, FL can improve the quality of ML models used in medical applications. Medical data is often diverse and can vary significantly depending on the patient population, making it challenging to develop ML models that are accurate and generalizable. FL allows medical data to be used from multiple sources, which can help to improve the quality and generalizability of ML models. Differential privacy (DP) is a go-to algorithmic tool to make this process secure and private. In this work, we show that the model performance can be further improved by employing local steps, a popular approach to improving the communication efficiency of FL, and tuning the number of communication rounds. Concretely, given the privacy budget, we show an optimal number of local steps and communications rounds. We provide theoretical motivations further corroborated with experimental evaluations on real-world medical imaging tasks.