Intelligent Spatial Estimation for Fire Hazards in Engineering Sites: An Enhanced YOLOv8-Powered Proximity Analysis Framework

This study proposes an enhanced dual-model YOLOv8 framework for intelligent fire detection and proximity-aware risk assessment, extending conventional vision-based monitoring beyond simple detection to actionable hazard prioritization. The system is trained on a dataset of 9,860 annotated images to segment fire and smoke across complex environments. The framework combines a primary YOLOv8 instance segmentation model for fire and smoke detection with a secondary object detection model pretrained on the COCO dataset to identify surrounding entities such as people, vehicles, and infrastructure. By integrating the outputs of both models, the system computes pixel-based distances between detected fire regions and nearby objects and converts these values into approximate real-world measurements using a pixel-to-meter scaling approach. This proximity information is incorporated into a risk assessment mechanism that combines fire evidence, object vulnerability, and distance-based exposure to produce a quantitative risk score and alert level. The proposed framework achieves strong performance, with precision, recall, and F1 scores exceeding 90% and mAP@0.5 above 91%. The system generates annotated visual outputs showing fire locations, detected objects, estimated distances, and contextual risk information to support situational awareness. Implemented using open-source tools within the Google Colab environment, the framework is lightweight and suitable for deployment in industrial and resource-constrained settings.