Differentiable model-based adaptive optics for two-photon microscopy

Aberrations limit scanning fluorescence microscopy when imaging in scattering materials such as biological tissue. Model-based approaches for adaptive optics take advantage of a computational model of the optical setup. Such models can be combined with the optimization techniques of machine learning frameworks to find aberration corrections, as was demonstrated for focusing a laser beam through aberrations onto a camera [arXiv:2007.13400]. Here, we extend this approach to two-photon scanning microscopy. The developed sensorless technique finds corrections for aberrations in scattering samples and will be useful for a range of imaging application, for example in brain tissue.