Bayesian Over-the-Air FedAvg via Channel Driven Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics

The recent development of scalable Bayesian inference methods has renewed interest in the adoption of Bayesian learning as an alternative to conventional frequentist learning that offers improved model calibration via uncertainty quantification. Recently, federated averaging Langevin dynamics (FALD) was introduced as a variant of federated averaging that can efficiently implement distributed Bayesian learning in the presence of noiseless communications. In this paper, we propose wireless FALD (WFALD), a novel protocol that realizes FALD in wireless systems by integrating over-the-air computation and channel-driven sampling for Monte Carlo updates. Unlike prior work on wireless Bayesian learning, WFALD enables (\emph{i}) multiple local updates between communication rounds; and (\emph{ii}) stochastic gradients computed by mini-batch. A convergence analysis is presented in terms of the 2-Wasserstein distance between the samples produced by WFALD and the targeted global posterior distribution. Analysis and experiments show that, when the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently large, channel noise can be fully repurposed for Monte Carlo sampling, thus entailing no loss in performance.