RoSI: Recovering 3D Shape Interiors from Few Articulation Images

The dominant majority of 3D models that appear in gaming, VR/AR, and those we use to train geometric deep learning algorithms are incomplete, since they are modeled as surface meshes and missing their interior structures. We present a learning framework to recover the shape interiors (RoSI) of existing 3D models with only their exteriors from multi-view and multi-articulation images. Given a set of RGB images that capture a target 3D object in different articulated poses, possibly from only few views, our method infers the interior planes that are observable in the input images. Our neural architecture is trained in a category-agnostic manner and it consists of a motion-aware multi-view analysis phase including pose, depth, and motion estimations, followed by interior plane detection in images and 3D space, and finally multi-view plane fusion. In addition, our method also predicts part articulations and is able to realize and even extrapolate the captured motions on the target 3D object. We evaluate our method by quantitative and qualitative comparisons to baselines and alternative solutions, as well as testing on untrained object categories and real image inputs to assess its generalization capabilities.

Detection Transformer with Stable Matching

This paper is concerned with the matching stability problem across different decoder layers in DEtection TRansformers (DETR). We point out that the unstable matching in DETR is caused by a multi-optimization path problem, which is highlighted by the one-to-one matching design in DETR. To address this problem, we show that the most important design is to use and only use positional metrics (like IOU) to supervise classification scores of positive examples. Under the principle, we propose two simple yet effective modifications by integrating positional metrics to DETR's classification loss and matching cost, named position-supervised loss and position-modulated cost. We verify our methods on several DETR variants. Our methods show consistent improvements over baselines. By integrating our methods with DINO, we achieve 50.4 and 51.5 AP on the COCO detection benchmark using ResNet-50 backbones under 12 epochs and 24 epochs training settings, achieving a new record under the same setting. We achieve 63.8 AP on COCO detection test-dev with a Swin-Large backbone. Our code will be made available at https://github.com/IDEA-Research/Stable-DINO.

SpanRE: Entities and Overlapping Relations Extraction Based on Spans and Entity Attention

Extracting entities and relations is an essential task of information extraction. Triplets extracted from a sentence might overlap with each other. Previous methods either did not address the overlapping issues or solved overlapping issues partially. To tackle triplet overlapping problems completely, firstly we extract candidate subjects with a standard span mechanism. Then we present a labeled span mechanism to extract the objects and relations simultaneously, we use the labeled span mechanism to generate labeled spans whose start and end positions indicate the objects, and whose labels correspond to relations of subject and objects. Besides, we design an entity attention mechanism to enhance the information fusion between subject and sentence during extracting objects and relations. We test our method on two public datasets, our method achieves the best performances on these two datasets.

UKP-SQuARE v3: A Platform for Multi-Agent QA Research

The continuous development of Question Answering (QA) datasets has drawn the research community's attention toward multi-domain models. A popular approach is to use multi-dataset models, which are models trained on multiple datasets to learn their regularities and prevent overfitting to a single dataset. However, with the proliferation of QA models in online repositories such as GitHub or Hugging Face, an alternative is becoming viable. Recent works have demonstrated that combining expert agents can yield large performance gains over multi-dataset models. To ease research in multi-agent models, we extend UKP-SQuARE, an online platform for QA research, to support three families of multi-agent systems: i) agent selection, ii) early-fusion of agents, and iii) late-fusion of agents. We conduct experiments to evaluate their inference speed and discuss the performance vs. speed trade-off compared to multi-dataset models. UKP-SQuARE is open-source and publicly available at http://square.ukp-lab.de.

Coarse-to-Fine Active Segmentation of Interactable Parts in Real Scene Images

We introduce the first active learning (AL) framework for high-accuracy instance segmentation of dynamic, interactable parts from RGB images of real indoor scenes. As with most human-in-the-loop approaches, the key criterion for success in AL is to minimize human effort while still attaining high performance. To this end, we employ a transformer-based segmentation network that utilizes a masked-attention mechanism. To enhance the network, tailoring to our task, we introduce a coarse-to-fine model which first uses object-aware masked attention and then a pose-aware one, leveraging a correlation between interactable parts and object poses and leading to improved handling of multiple articulated objects in an image. Our coarse-to-fine active segmentation module learns both 2D instance and 3D pose information using the transformer, which supervises the active segmentation and effectively reduces human effort. Our method achieves close to fully accurate (96% and higher) segmentation results on real images, with 77% time saving over manual effort, where the training data consists of only 16.6% annotated real photographs. At last, we contribute a dataset of 2,550 real photographs with annotated interactable parts, demonstrating its superior quality and diversity over the current best alternative.

A Simple Framework for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation and Detection

We present OpenSeeD, a simple Open-vocabulary Segmentation and Detection framework that jointly learns from different segmentation and detection datasets. To bridge the gap of vocabulary and annotation granularity, we first introduce a pre-trained text encoder to encode all the visual concepts in two tasks and learn a common semantic space for them. This gives us reasonably good results compared with the counterparts trained on segmentation task only. To further reconcile them, we locate two discrepancies: $i$) task discrepancy -- segmentation requires extracting masks for both foreground objects and background stuff, while detection merely cares about the former; $ii$) data discrepancy -- box and mask annotations are with different spatial granularity, and thus not directly interchangeable. To address these issues, we propose a decoupled decoding to reduce the interference between foreground/background and a conditioned mask decoding to assist in generating masks for given boxes. To this end, we develop a simple encoder-decoder model encompassing all three techniques and train it jointly on COCO and Objects365. After pre-training, our model exhibits competitive or stronger zero-shot transferability for both segmentation and detection. Specifically, OpenSeeD beats the state-of-the-art method for open-vocabulary instance and panoptic segmentation across 5 datasets, and outperforms previous work for open-vocabulary detection on LVIS and ODinW under similar settings. When transferred to specific tasks, our model achieves new SoTA for panoptic segmentation on COCO and ADE20K, and instance segmentation on ADE20K and Cityscapes. Finally, we note that OpenSeeD is the first to explore the potential of joint training on segmentation and detection, and hope it can be received as a strong baseline for developing a single model for both tasks in open world.

Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detection

In this paper, we present an open-set object detector, called Grounding DINO, by marrying Transformer-based detector DINO with grounded pre-training, which can detect arbitrary objects with human inputs such as category names or referring expressions. The key solution of open-set object detection is introducing language to a closed-set detector for open-set concept generalization. To effectively fuse language and vision modalities, we conceptually divide a closed-set detector into three phases and propose a tight fusion solution, which includes a feature enhancer, a language-guided query selection, and a cross-modality decoder for cross-modality fusion. While previous works mainly evaluate open-set object detection on novel categories, we propose to also perform evaluations on referring expression comprehension for objects specified with attributes. Grounding DINO performs remarkably well on all three settings, including benchmarks on COCO, LVIS, ODinW, and RefCOCO/+/g. Grounding DINO achieves a $52.5$ AP on the COCO detection zero-shot transfer benchmark, i.e., without any training data from COCO. It sets a new record on the ODinW zero-shot benchmark with a mean $26.1$ AP. Code will be available at \url{https://github.com/IDEA-Research/GroundingDINO}.

Fine-Grained Regional Prompt Tuning for Visual Abductive Reasoning

Visual Abductive Reasoning (VAR) is an emerging vision-language (VL) topic where the model needs to retrieve/generate a likely textual hypothesis from a visual input (image or part of an image) using backward reasoning based on prior knowledge or commonsense. Unlike in conventional VL retrieval or captioning tasks, where entities of texts appear in the image, in abductive inferences, the relevant facts about inferences are not directly visible in the input images. Besides, the inferences are causally relevant to regional visual hints and vary with the latter. Existing works highlight visual parts from a global background with specific prompt tuning techniques (e.g., colorful prompt tuning) on top of foundation models, like CLIP. However, these methods uniformly patchify "regional hints" and "global context" at the same granularity level and may lose fine-grained visual details significant for abductive reasoning. To tackle this, we propose a simple yet effective Regional Prompt Tuning, which encodes "regional visual hints" and "global contexts" separately at fine and coarse-grained levels. Specifically, our model explicitly upsamples, then patchify local hints to get fine-grained regional prompts. These prompts are concatenated with coarse-grained contextual tokens from whole images. We also equip our model with a new Dual-Contrastive Loss to regress the visual feature simultaneously toward features of factual description (a.k.a. clue text) and plausible hypothesis (abductive inference text) during training. Extensive experiments on the Sherlock dataset demonstrate that our fully fine-tuned RGP/RGPs with Dual-Contrastive Loss significantly outperforms previous SOTAs, achieving the 1 rank on abductive reasoning leaderboards among all submissions, under all metrics (e.g., P@1$_{i->t}$: RGPs 38.78 vs CPT-CLIP 33.44, higher=better). We would open-source our codes for further research.

DS-Fusion: Artistic Typography via Discriminated and Stylized Diffusion

We introduce a novel method to automatically generate an artistic typography by stylizing one or more letter fonts to visually convey the semantics of an input word, while ensuring that the output remains readable. To address an assortment of challenges with our task at hand including conflicting goals (artistic stylization vs. legibility), lack of ground truth, and immense search space, our approach utilizes large language models to bridge texts and visual images for stylization and build an unsupervised generative model with a diffusion model backbone. Specifically, we employ the denoising generator in Latent Diffusion Model (LDM), with the key addition of a CNN-based discriminator to adapt the input style onto the input text. The discriminator uses rasterized images of a given letter/word font as real samples and output of the denoising generator as fake samples. Our model is coined DS-Fusion for discriminated and stylized diffusion. We showcase the quality and versatility of our method through numerous examples, qualitative and quantitative evaluation, as well as ablation studies. User studies comparing to strong baselines including CLIPDraw and DALL-E 2, as well as artist-crafted typographies, demonstrate strong performance of DS-Fusion.

SoftZoo: A Soft Robot Co-design Benchmark For Locomotion In Diverse Environments

While significant research progress has been made in robot learning for control, unique challenges arise when simultaneously co-optimizing morphology. Existing work has typically been tailored for particular environments or representations. In order to more fully understand inherent design and performance tradeoffs and accelerate the development of new breeds of soft robots, a comprehensive virtual platform with well-established tasks, environments, and evaluation metrics is needed. In this work, we introduce SoftZoo, a soft robot co-design platform for locomotion in diverse environments. SoftZoo supports an extensive, naturally-inspired material set, including the ability to simulate environments such as flat ground, desert, wetland, clay, ice, snow, shallow water, and ocean. Further, it provides a variety of tasks relevant for soft robotics, including fast locomotion, agile turning, and path following, as well as differentiable design representations for morphology and control. Combined, these elements form a feature-rich platform for analysis and development of soft robot co-design algorithms. We benchmark prevalent representations and co-design algorithms, and shed light on 1) the interplay between environment, morphology, and behavior; 2) the importance of design space representations; 3) the ambiguity in muscle formation and controller synthesis; and 4) the value of differentiable physics. We envision that SoftZoo will serve as a standard platform and template an approach toward the development of novel representations and algorithms for co-designing soft robots' behavioral and morphological intelligence.